RIS322974 Bijlage 1 - Verdiepend onderzoek - Met wetenschap beter bewapend

Dit betekent dat er bij een verdere uitbouw van het Actieplan Wapens en Jongeren voldoende tijd moet worden genomen en voldoende middelen en personeel worden ingezet om te komen tot een gedegen implementatie en monitoring van nieuwe maatregelen. 4. Verken de mogelijkheden van intensieve educatieve lesprogramma’s om te oefenen met conflicthantering, verstandige keuzes en sociale vaardigheden Een aantal interventies met aanwijzingen voor effectiviteit bestaan uit intensieve educatieve programma’s voor jongeren om beter om te laten gaan met conflicten, slachtofferschap te voorkomen, verstandige keuzes te maken en te oefenen met sociale vaardigheden en ‘life skills’. Deze programma’s kennen overeenkomsten met bestaande projecten en interventies in Nederland, maar zijn uitgebreider en intensiever van aard. Het verdient aanbeveling om ook in Nederland de mogelijkheden voor dergelijke educatieve lesprogramma’s te verkennen, die geschikt zijn voor scholen met een relatief hoog risico op problemen met wapens bij leerlingen. Daarbij kunnen verschillende voorbeelden uit het buitenland worden geïnventariseerd en worden gecombineerd met bestaande projecten in Nederland. 5.

Verken de mogelijkheden om intensieve nazorg, ondersteuning en begeleiding te bieden aan jongeren die slachtoffer zijn geworden van geweld Een ander type interventie dat interessant is om verder te verkennen, is het aanbieden van intensieve begeleiding en zorg aan slachtoffers van geweld. Voor een variant daarvan zijn in buitenlands onderzoek aanwijzingen gevonden voor effectiviteit, en een dergelijke aanpak richt zich direct op een van de belangrijkste groepen factoren die samenhangen met wapens onder

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jongeren. Net als in het buitenland lijken ook hier spoedeisende-hulpafdelingen een geschikte plek om contact te leggen met slachtoffers, maar wellicht kan dit ook worden uitgebreid met andere instanties waar slachtoffers van geweld terechtkomen (zoals Slachtofferhulp Nederland). Ook hier dient in een ontwikkelfase onderzocht te worden hoe een dergelijke interventie op een zorgvuldige manier kan worden opgezet en welke middelen nodig zijn voor een professionele uitvoering ervan. 6. Ondersteun de inzet van outreachende jongerenwerkers om jongeren actief te benaderen met hulp en ondersteuning Verschillende interventies uit het buitenland maken gebruik van actieve manieren om jonge daders en jongeren met een hoog risico op betrokkenheid bij wapens te benaderen met een aanbod van hulp en ondersteuning. Op een proactieve manier wordt ook geprobeerd om mogelijk escalerende conflicten in de kiem te smoren, waarbij ook gebruik kan worden gemaakt van sociale media. Hoewel de buitenlandse programma’s waarin dit wordt toegepast minder goed lijken te passen bij de Nederlandse context, zijn er verschillende elementen die verder kunnen worden ontwikkeld, zoals het proactieve element in de benadering van de jongeren en de inzet van rolmodellen. De inzet daarvan dient wel goed te worden gemonitord, omdat nog veel onduidelijk is over de werkzaamheid in de Nederlandse praktijk. 7.

Behoudt en versterk een wetenschappelijke gefundeerde aanpak van jeugdcriminaliteit, pesten, alcohol- en drugsmisbruik en psychosociale problemen Naast de interventies waar we in ons literatuuronderzoek naar hebben gekeken, zijn er ook interventies die breder zijn gericht op jeugdproblematiek. Een aantal daarvan zijn eerder ook beschreven in het QuickScan rapport. De gedragingen waarop ze zijn gericht, en de achterliggende risicofactoren hangen ook samen met de betrokkenheid bij wapens onder jongeren. Een effectieve aanpak hiervan kan mogelijk ook bijdragen aan het voorkomen en verminderen van wapens onder jongeren. Ook hierbij geldt dat het van belang is dat er voldoende aanwijzingen zijn dat interventies of typen interventies de gewenste effecten hebben. Inmiddels zijn daarover al verschillende overzichten verschenen (zie bijvoorbeeld Clarke e.a., 2015; Tremblay e.a., 2020; Gaffney e.a., 2021; Kovalenko ea., 2022; Pappas & Dent, 2022; Hendriks & Stams, 2024). .

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