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[23bb001496] Bijlage 1 behorende bij 23bb001495 over Expression of Interest

Commissie Mobiliteit, Haven, Economie en Klimaat (2022-2026) 17 mei 2023, gemeente RotterdamBij agendapunt: Daarbij betrekken19.648 woorden

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Contribution ID: ed06e39e-f7b3-4b9b-8ffa-fe7ac320f554 Date: 28/01/2022 15:02:48

Climate-Neutral and Smart Cities Mission Call for Expression of Interest Fields marked with * are mandatory.

Welcome! The Climate-Neutral and Smart Cities Mission aims to - deliver at least 100 European climate-neutral and smart cities by 2030; - ensure that these cities also act as experimentation and innovation hubs to put all European cities in a position to become climate-neutral by 2050. This Call for Expression of Interest offers ambitious European cities the opportunity to work and learn together to tackle the challenge of a lifetime. It is addressed to cities interested in j oining the Mission and in particular to become climate neutral by 2030. Cities can express their interest by filling in and submitting this questionnaire by 31st January 2022 at 17: 00 CET. The Cities Mission is not only about further advancing leading cities; it aims to be wholly inclusive by selecting a geographically and culturally diverse cohort of cities who are recognised as much for their ambition and willingness to innovate, as for their progress with climate mitigation. You should not be discouraged to apply – for example – if you feel that your city’s plans until now have not been very ambitious or if you cannot provide some of the information requested in the questionnaire. While the Mission is designed to help accelerate the progress of Europe’s most ambitious cities, its greatest value will be, in fact, to inspire and serve all cities on their journey to climate neutrality.

We invite cities with the courage and ambition to embrace the challenge, as well as the innovation, learning and transformation that comes with it.

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Information under the Eligibility and Additional Information sections are mandatory and necessary to process the Expression of Interest. Please note that the only “eligibility” or “qualifying” criteria are those linked to the questions in the Eligibility section. The Additional Information questions are vital to build a foundation of information about the cities that express interest to participate in the Mission. We appreciate your contributions to this minimum baseline of information. Information gathered from other sections of the questionnaire will help better inform the next phases of Mission implementation, including the services to be provided through the Mission Platform. These sections are not mandatory, but you are encouraged to provide as much information as currently available. However, failing to fill in one or more questions under these sections will not disqualify your Expression of Interest for submission. We would ask you to indicate the reasons when you are not able to provide a response, including if that information is not readily available. The documents that you wish to upload in the questionnaire can be either in English or in any one of the official EU languages. In the latter case, we would be grateful if you could provide, if possible, as well a courtesy translation or a summary in English.

The answers to the questions in free form text can be either in English or in any one of the official EU languages. In the latter case, please note that a machine translation of the answers to English will be performed and will be communicated together with the original questionnaire to the experts reviewing the Expressions of Interest. The European Commission will select cities to participate in the Mission with the help of independent external experts. The evaluation criteria are explained in the Info Kit for Cities. They include the cities’ level of ambition, preparedness, existing and planned commitment to climate neutrality, commitment to involve citizens and stakeholders, as well as inclusiveness, diversity and geographical balance. PARTICIPATION OF CITIES OUTSIDE THE EU: Cities that are established in countries associated to Horizon Europe or in other third countries negotiating association to Horizon Europe can be involved in the mission by replying to this Call. However, they should be aware that they may not be eligible to receive funding from other EU programmes and this would substantially limit the support they would receive in particular from the Mission Platform. Cities should therefore be able to demonstrate in their response to this Call how they will be able to meet the objectives of the Mission without help from other EU programmes.

Additionally, as EU funding schemes are usually not available to non-associated third countries, cities established therein would not benefit from this Call for Expression of Interest. They are thus not advised to fill in the questionnaire. However, should they wish to receive

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information about the activities of the Cities Mission and its international dimension, they can contact the Cities Mission team at the following address: EC-CITIES-MISSION@ec.europa.eu Personal data protection and this form The European Commission collects and further processes personal data pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2018 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by the Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies and on the free movement of such data repealing Regulation (EC) No 45/2001. In the case of this form, the European Commission Directorate-General Research and Innovation, Unit C2 Future Urban and Mobility Systems, collects and uses your personal information within the framework of targeted consultation activities. In view of the design, evaluation and revision of initiatives, it is indispensable for the Commission to receive input and views from those who are considered to be concerned by the policy or initiative. In this particular case, your personal data is registered and processed in order to allow the Commission to send you a personal link to participate in the EU Mission for Climate-Neutral and Smart Cities initiative. The information collected includes first name, surname, email address, organization and position.

Your personal data will not be used for an automated decision-making including profiling. For additional details on the handling and processing of your personal data, please see the 'Personal Data Statement' available on the right hand side of all pages of this form.

I confirm I accept the personal data protection statement

Use of the technical data collected through this form The call for Expression of Interest (hereinafter: EOI) is addressed to cities interested in joining the Cities Mission. The call for EOI collects information of participating cities in order to determine their eligibility for the Cities Mission and to assess their current situation as relevant for the participation in the Cities Mission and the Mission’ s ambition of reaching climate neutrality by 2030. The collected data will be further processed and analysed in view of establishing a baseline for the Cities Mission, including current levels of preparedness of local authorities, remaining barriers and assistance needs. This analysis is undertaken to prepare the next phases of Mission implementation. For additional details on the handling and use of the technical data collected through this form, please see the 'Technical Data Use Policy' available on the right hand side on all pages of this form.

I confirm I accept the technical data policy

Eligibility

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Information about the city * Please select if your city is located in Throughout this questionnaire the term city is used to refer to all geographical subnational jurisdictions (“Local Administrative Units”) or territorial units eligible under the Cities Mission. An EU country A country with an Association Agreement to the Horizon Europe programme or in the process of negotiating such Agreement Another non-EU country

* Please select the country in which your city is located NL - Netherlands

* Please provide the official name of your city in English Rotterdam

* What type of administrative unit is your city according to Eurostat? Eurostat regions and cities glossary available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Category:Regions_and_cities_glossary Local Administrative Unit (LAU) City Greater City Functional Urban Area (FUA) Metropolitan region Not applicable

* Please provide the code/ID according to the option previously selected Please consult the file provided in the File section on the right side of this page. GM0599

* Please specify the number of inhabitants in your city

Only values between 10000 and 1.5E7 are allowed Eligibility criterion on population size: Cities may participate in the Mission if they have at least 50 000 inhabitants. Cities from countries with 5 or less cities of more than 100 000 inhabitants may express their interest if they have more than 10 000 inhabitants. Those countries are: Croatia (HR), Cyprus (CY), Estonia (EE), Ireland (IE), Latvia (LV), Lithuania (LT), Luxembourg (LU), Malta (MT), Slovenia (SI) and Slovakia (SK). 651269

inhabitants

* To which year does this population figure refer? Format: 2xxx 2021

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Commitment Please confirm your city's intention to join the Cities Mission with the ambition to reach climate neutrality by 2030 I confirm

If confirmed, please upload the document supporting your city's intention to join the Mission Please provide a letter or a declaration, signed by a city representative (e.g. Mayor, Deputy Mayor or authorised delegated representative within the city administration) confirming the city’s interest to join the Cities Mission and to commit to the objective of reaching climate neutrality by 2030, as defined in the context of the Mission.

Additional information About the city * Please define the land area within the administrative boundary (in square km) Please provide a numerical value 21.757

* Please specify the geographic boundary that corresponds to your city's 2030 climate neutrality

target Not yet decided

If not yet decided, please elaborate further 500 character(s) maximum Please provide further information on the potential area(s) currently considered to be excluded from or additionally covered by the 2030 target. Within the administrative boundaries of Rotterdam The Port of Rotterdam is situated. Most of the industry situated there are partcipating in the Emissions Trading System. Although within the scope of this mission to further strengthen en speeding up the transition there, to reach climateneutrality in 2030 does not seem feasible now.

About the Expression of Interest * Please confirm that your city intends to address all Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) and sectors /

sources of emissions to reach climate neutrality by 2030 as defined by the Cities Mission Mandatory GHG emissions to be covered per the Cities Mission's climate neutrality definition:

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1. Direct GHG emissions (Scope 1) within the city boundary from stationary energy (buildings/facilities/equipment), transport, waste / wastewater disposal and treatment, Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU), and Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU). 2. Indirect GHG emissions (Scope 2) within the city boundary due to consumption of grid-supplied electricity and grid-supplied heat or cold. 3. Out-of-boundary GHG emissions (Scope 3) due to the disposal and treatment of waste / wastewater generated within the city boundary. Emissions of the following GHG have to be accounted for: CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6, and NF3

Yes, we confirm No, we propose duly justified exclusions

* If no, please provide a detailed justification for any exclusion(s)

1000 character(s) maximum Provide a detailed description of exclusions from the target boundary (i.e. clearly state the exclusion of any sector, source, scope, gas specified as part of the applicable climate neutrality definition) Within the administrative boundaries of Rotterdam The Port of Rotterdam is situated. Most of the industry situated there are partcipating in the Emissions Trading System. Although within the scope of this mission to further strengthen en speeding up the transition there, to reach climateneutrality in 2030 does not seem feasible now.

* Is this Expression of Interest part of a group of cities? Please select yes, if your city or entity submits this EOI as part of a larger group of cities. Please be aware that every city being part of this group will still need to fill in their own questionnaire and submit their Expression of Interest clearly indicating that they are doing so as part of such group. Yes No

* Please select the languages used for the uploaded documents provided The documents that you wish to upload in the questionnaire can be either in English or in any one of the official EU languages. In the latter case, we would be grateful if you could provide, if possible, as well a courtesy translation or a summary in English. The answers to the questions in free form text can be either in English or in any one of the official EU languages. In the latter case, please note that a machine translation of the answers in English will be performed and will be communicated together with the original questionnaire to the experts reviewing the expressions of interest. Bulgarian

Estonian

Irish

Portuguese

Croatian

Finnish

Italian

Romanian

Czech

French

Latvian

Slovak

Danish

German

Lithuanian

Slovenian

Dutch

Greek

Maltese

Spanish

English

Hungarian

Polish

Swedish

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About the city's representative Please provide the following information on the legal representative of your city * Name Alexander

* Surname van Steenderen

* Position Strategic Advisor energytransition

* Email address a.vansteenderen@rotterdam.nl

Please confirm the following statement: I hereby declare that I have the consent of the city administration to respond to this Call for Expression of Interest and to submit the questionnaire on its behalf. I hereby confirm that the information contained in this questionnaire is correct and complete I confirm

Current level of emissions The questions in this section enquire about your city’s current level of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and the systems you may have put in place to compile city-wide GHG inventories. Cities are not expected to have completed a comprehensive GHG emissions inventory for all sectors and scopes covered by the Cities Mission (please consult the Info Kit for Cities, Part II, Section 2.4 for further information), or to perform an inventory to answer to this call. However, you are encouraged to share information about previous inventories in your city, irrespective of the inventory scope and methodology. This is not intended to be an excluding criterion. It is to enable us to get a clearer understanding of what methods cities are using to collect such data, and also to understand better the GHG emission reduction efforts needed in different cities expressing their interest.

Overall 7

Has an inventory of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions been undertaken for your city since 2005 (included)? A Greenhouse Gas inventory is an accounting of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) emitted into or removed from the atmosphere. An inventory lists, by source, the amount of GHGs emitted into the atmosphere during a given time period (usually a calendar year). If multiple inventories are available, preference should be given to the most complete and most recent inventory. Yes No Under preparation

Please indicate the total GHG emissions resulting from the inventory in question (metric tonnes CO2 equivalent) Please provide the figures in metric tonnes CO2 equivalent (absolute value, i.e. not per capita). To indicate decimals, please use the dot as separator Emissions resulting from the energy generation sector should not be included in the total emissions of the city in order to avoid double counting. The resulting emissions should be captured as the indirect emissions from consumption of grid-supplied energy under the stationary energy sector of the inventory. However, if the total emissions indicated here include direct emissions from energy generation, please indicate this when answering the question “Please indicate the sector(s)/source(s) covered by the GHG inventory” below. 27087318

Accounting year Only values between 1990 and 2020 are allowed The accounting year refers to the year to which the collected data corresponds (i.e. not the year in which the inventory was compiled). 2019

Population in accounting year 644618

Please indicate the standard/methodology applied for compiling the GHG inventory Covenant of Mayors Europe (CoM Europe) methodology Global Protocol for Community Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories (GPC) Global Covenant of Mayors (GCoM) Common Reporting Framework (CRF) 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Regional or country specific methodology City specific methodology Other

Please indicate the sector(s)/source(s) covered by the GHG inventory It is good practice to account for GHG emissions from the generation of grid-supplied energy by facilities within the city boundary, as well as by facilities owned (fully or partially) by the local government located outside the boundary.

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However, as the energy generated by such facilities is supplied to the grid, the resulting emissions should be captured as the indirect emissions from consumption of grid-supplied energy under the stationary energy sector of the inventory. As such, emissions resulting from the energy generation sector should not be included in the emissions total of the city in order to avoid double counting. Stationary energy

Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use

Other

(AFOLU) Transport

Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU)

Waste/wastewater

Energy generation

Please indicate which of the following Greenhouse Gases are covered by the inventory CO2

N2O

PFCs

CH4

HFCs

SF6

NF3

Please indicate the boundary of the inventory relative to the city's administrative boundary Same - covers entire administrative boundary and nothing else Smaller - covers only parts of the administrative boundary Larger - covers the whole administrative boundary and adjoining areas Partial - covers part of the administrative boundary and adjoining areas

Can you provide a sector breakdown of your city's current level of GHG emissions (as established by the GHG inventory referenced above)? Yes No

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Please provide in the table below total emissions (absolute values, in metric tonnes CO2 equivalent) per sector for which data is available Please provide the figures in metric tonnes CO2 equivalent (absolute value, i.e. not per capita). The information provided in the table should stem from the inventory for which details have been provided above. Leave blank any field uncovered by your inventory. If a different aggregation/breakdown is used, please choose the "Included elsewhere" option in the table provided in the next question. Please consult the InfoKit, Section 2.4 (page 21ff.) for further information. Total emissions (metric tonnes CO2 equivalent)

Sectors

Stationary energy This should cover direct and indirect emissions.

Transport This should cover direct and indirect emissions.

14.293.189 847.612

Waste/wastewater This should cover direct emissions as well as out-of-boundary emissions (i.e. emissions from all waste/wastewater generated within the city,

15.458

whether managed/disposed of within the city or outside).

Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU) This should cover direct emissions.

Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use (AFOLU) This should cover direct emissions.

1.583 NE

Other (please specify in the additional question below) TOTAL EMISSIONS (excluding generation of grid-supplied energy)

15.157.842

Energy generation (emissions resulting from the generation of grid-supplied energy) Emissions resulting from the Energy Generation sector should not be included in the emissions total of the city in order to avoid double

11.929.476

counting.

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In case 'Other' emissions have been provided in the previous table, please explain the origin 200 character(s) maximum

For each sector for which the total emissions are not available, please select the reason that fits best "Not occurring": An activity or process does not occur or exist within the city. “Included elsewhere": GHG emissions for this activity are estimated and presented in another sector in the same inventory. “Confidential": GHG emissions which could lead to the disclosure of confidential information, and as such are not reported publicly. For instance, certain industrial facilities may not permit public data disclosure where this impacts security. “Not estimated": GHG emissions occur but have not been estimated or reported. Sectors

Not

Included

Not

occurring

elsewhere

estimated

Confidential

Stationary energy Transport Waste/wastewater Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use (AFOLU) Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU) Other Energy generation (emissions resulting from the generation of grid-supplied energy)

Please upload any supporting documentation Please upload the GHG inventory (summary output) and supporting documentation (if applicable).

Is your city regularly compiling GHG emissions inventories for its territory? Yes, at least annually

Trends If available, please describe the trend of your city's GHG emissions over time (as available, but covering a period of at least 5 years)

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500 character(s) maximum Please describe the trend over time (this can be supported by the upload of a graph or table in the following question). Clearly specify the units of measurement (i.e. whether absolute or per capita) Although fluctuating in the years before, since 2018 we have seen a steady decline in greenhouse emissions. In the forecast based on our current policy measures derived from the Rotterdam Climate Agreement, we forsee a further reduction of 8957 kton in 2030.

You may upload supporting documentation (if any) Documentation should specify the coverage of the GHG emission figures and their source. If absolute figures are provided, please specify the evolution of the population in the same timeframe (if significant changes occurred)

Current policies The questions in this section invite you to highlight your city’s climate ambition and policies up to now. The Mission intends to be strongly inclusive and to include a diverse group of cities with different starting points in respect of progress towards climate neutrality. Here you have the opportunity to describe any official targets already in place, your city’s adopted plans relevant to climate change mitigation and Greenhouse Gas emissions reduction at sector or cross-sectoral level, and to provide further details on existing policies and measures. Additionally, this section collects information on the degree of involvement of your city in relevant initiatives and projects at EU, national or local levels. This information will allow us to gain a more detailed picture of your city’s starting point in the most relevant sectors for urban climate action. While this section also highlights the topic of digitalisation and smart city as an important enabler of the climate neutrality transition, it is treated as a horizontal topic in all other sections. The transition to climate neutrality will bring both co-benefits and adverse impacts. The last questions in this section will provide insights into if and how these are currently addressed.

Details on existing targets Has your city officially adopted a Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions reduction target for the future (i. e. with a target year after 2020)? Yes No Planned

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Please state the target and its official source 500 character(s) maximum Please specify all relevant details pertaining to the target (e.g. reduction percentage, target year/base year). The City Council has officially adopted the goal of reaching climate neutrality in 2050 and reducing the (scope 1) emissions within it's boundaries in 2030 by 49%. This was done by adopting the document called 'Raadsakkoord Energietransitie'in 2019.

Please specify the sectors covered by the target Stationary energy

Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use

Other

(AFOLU) Transport

Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU)

Waste/wastewater

Energy generation

Please specify the reduction percentage Please specify the reduction percentage using only numbers. Example: -10% is introduced as 10. Up to 2 decimals are allowed. 49

Please specify the target boundary relative to the city's administrative boundary Same as the city's administrative boundary Smaller than the city's administrative boundary Larger than the city's administrative boundary Covers part of the city's administrative boundary and adjoining areas

If applicable, please specify the base year Only values between 1990 and 2021 are allowed 1990

Please specify the target year Only values between 2021 and 2099 are allowed 2030

Please upload the official source including the stated target

Had your city officially adopted a GHG emissions reduction target in the past (e.g., with a target year up to 2020)? This question targets overall, cross-sectoral GHG emissions reduction targets Yes No

If yes, please describe the target and its official source 500 character(s) maximum

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Please specify all relevant details pertaining to the target (e.g. reduction percentage, target year/base year). The Rotterdam Climate Initiative (2007) had the ambition of 50% less CO2 emissions in 2025 compared to 1990.

If yes, was the target achieved? Yes No Not known

If yes, did this target exceed the national target? For example, as compared to the national binding annual GHG emission reduction targets set by the Effort Sharing Regulation for each Member State. Please note: This question is linked to the question “Had your city officially adopted a GHG emissions reduction target in the past (e.g., with a target year up to 2020)?”, not to the question “If yes, was the target achieved?”. Yes No Not known Not applicable

Existing plans Has your city adopted any cross-sectoral or sectoral strategies or action plans (hereinafter plan) relevant to climate change mitigation/GHG emissions reduction since 2005 (included)? 2005 is indicated as a cut off year across this section of the questionnaire, to ensure the focus is on recent policies and comparability across answers. Yes No

How many plans would you like to provide information about? 1 2 3 4 5

Plan 1 Please select the type of plan Other (cross-sectoral) plans can also refer to relevant digital or smart strategies or action plans. Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan/Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SECAP/SEAP) Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP) Sustainable Urban Development Strategy (SuDs) Climate change mitigation plan

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Other (cross-sectoral) Energy plan Transport plan Waste/wastewater management plan Air quality plan Green infrastructure plan Other (sectoral)

Name Duurzaamheidskompas

Year of adoption Only values between 2005 and 2021 are allowed Please leave it blank if not applicable 2020

End year Only values between 2005 and 2099 are allowed Please leave blank if not applicable. 2050

Degree of implementation Fully implemented Under implementation Not started

Scale of the plan Smaller than district/neighbourhood scale District/neighbourhood scale City scale Greater than city scale

Does this plan contain concrete target(s) for the reduction of GHG emissions? Yes No

Please upload any supporting documentation

Plan 2 Please select the type of plan Other (cross-sectoral) plans can also refer to relevant digital or smart strategies or action plans.

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Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan/Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SECAP/SEAP) Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP) Sustainable Urban Development Strategy (SuDs) Climate change mitigation plan Other (cross-sectoral) Energy plan Transport plan Waste/wastewater management plan Air quality plan Green infrastructure plan Other (sectoral)

Name Rotterdamse Mobiliteitsaanpak

Year of adoption Only values between 2005 and 2021 are allowed Please leave it blank if not applicable 2020

End year Only values between 2005 and 2099 are allowed Please leave blank if not applicable. 2040

Degree of implementation Fully implemented Under implementation Not started

Scale of the plan Smaller than district/neighbourhood scale District/neighbourhood scale City scale Greater than city scale

Does this plan contain concrete target(s) for the reduction of GHG emissions? Yes No

Please upload any supporting documentation

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Plan 3 Please select the type of plan Other (cross-sectoral) plans can also refer to relevant digital and smart strategies or action plans. Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan/Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SECAP/SEAP) Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP) Sustainable Urban Development Strategy (SuDs) Climate change mitigation plan Other (cross-sectoral) Energy plan Transport plan Waste/wastewater management plan Air quality plan Green infrastructure plan Other (sectoral)

Name Rotterdams Klimaatakkoord

Year of adoption Only values between 2005 and 2021 are allowed Please leave it blank if not applicable 2019

End year Only values between 2005 and 2099 are allowed Please leave blank if not applicable. 2050

Degree of implementation Fully implemented Under implementation Not started

Scale of the plan Smaller than district/neighbourhood scale District/neighbourhood scale City scale Greater than city scale

Does this plan contain concrete target(s) for the reduction of GHG emissions? Yes No

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Please upload any supporting documentation

Plan 4 Please select the type of plan Other (cross-sectoral) plans can also refer to relevant digital and smart strategies or action plans. Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan/Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SECAP/SEAP) Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP) Sustainable Urban Development Strategy (SuDs) Climate change mitigation plan Other (cross-sectoral) Energy plan Transport plan Waste/wastewater management plan Air quality plan Green infrastructure plan Other (sectoral)

Name Regionale Energiestrategie

Year of adoption Only values between 2005 and 2021 are allowed Please leave it blank if not applicable 2020

End year Only values between 2005 and 2099 are allowed Please leave blank if not applicable. 2030

Degree of implementation Fully implemented Under implementation Not started

Scale of the plan Smaller than district/neighbourhood scale District/neighbourhood scale City scale Greater than city scale

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Does this plan contain concrete target(s) for the reduction of GHG emissions? Yes No

Please upload any supporting documentation

Plan 5 Please select the type of plan Other (cross-sectoral) plans can also refer to relevant digital and smart strategies or action plans. Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan/Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SECAP/SEAP) Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP) Sustainable Urban Development Strategy (SuDs) Climate change mitigation plan Other (cross-sectoral) Energy plan Transport plan Waste/wastewater management plan Air quality plan Green infrastructure plan Other (sectoral)

Name Transitievisie Warmte Rotterdam

Year of adoption Only values between 2005 and 2021 are allowed Please leave it blank if not applicable 2021

End year Only values between 2005 and 2099 are allowed Please leave blank if not applicable. 2030

Degree of implementation Fully implemented Under implementation Not started

Scale of the plan Smaller than district/neighbourhood scale

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District/neighbourhood scale City scale Greater than city scale

Does this plan contain concrete target(s) for the reduction of GHG emissions? Yes No

Please upload any supporting documentation

One of the plans you previously selected was "Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan /Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SECAP/SEAP)". Was the mitigation pillar of your plan accepted following analysis by the JRC? Yes (SEAP 2020) Yes (SECAP 2030) Under evaluation Not yet reported

Current policies - energy Which of the following areas does your city's current energy policy address? Please consider also facilities and equipment in building-related options. - "Building electrification" is the process of switching from fossil fuels to clean and renewable electricity (e.g., for heating, for cooking) - "Integrating RES systems into the building" refers to any active/passive envelope system that uses Renewable Energy Sources (RES) from the natural environment to produce power or thermal energy. Examples: buildingintegrated photovoltaics (BIPV), building-integrated solar thermal (BIST), thermoelectric embedded envelopes. - "Virtual power plants" are networks of decentralised, medium-scale power generating units such as wind farms, solar parks, and Combined Heat and Power (CHP) units, as well as flexible power consumers and storage systems. - “Urban heat island effect mitigation” encompasses any strategies that aim at reducing the outdoor temperature in the city with associated energy savings. This is typically performed by tackling the causes for local temperature levels significantly higher compared to the surrounding rural areas (e.g., human activities, the replacement of natural features with man-made materials, the alteration of the wind pathways and force by urban roughness and layouts). Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (NZEBs) (new

Street lighting

buildings) Positive Energy Buildings

Citizen and renewable energy communities

Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (NZEBs) (renovation

On-site and nearby renewable energy generation

of existing buildings)

(electricity, heat/cold)

Energy renovation/retrofit of existing buildings

Local (off-site) renewable energy generation

(below NZEB level)

(electricity, heat/cold)

Building electrification

District heating/cooling

Energy efficient electrical appliances

Demand response

Integrating RES systems into the building

Virtual power plants

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Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS)

Urban heat island effect mitigation

/Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) Nearly Zero / Positive Energy Districts

Mixed-use development and sprawl containment

Digitalisation and smart city solutions

Urban regeneration

Local heat/cold storage

Behavioural changes

Which type of energy policy measures does your city currently apply? Regulatory (e.g. building codes / standards,

Infrastructure measures (e.g. upgrade of power

minimum energy performance standards, public

plants, increase of RES capacity, smart grids)

procurement rules, energy supplier obligations) Financial incentives and fiscal instruments (e.g.

Planning solutions (e.g. integrated land use and

grants, loans, soft loans, taxes, subsidies)

urban planning, integrated long-term strategies for sub-sectors, such as institutional buildings)

Public Private Partnerships

Voluntary measures (e.g. industry voluntary agreement programmes)

Information/awareness raising (e.g. energy audits,

Technical measures (e.g. smart metering, provision

certification and labelling of energy efficiency

of energy efficient products and services)

performance) Education/capacity building (e.g. qualification programmes in the sector, trainings)

Which of the following building categories are targeted by your current energy policy measures? For definitions of residential, commercial, institutional and industrial buildings and facilities, please consult the GCoM CRF Guidance Note on page 24, available at https://www.globalcovenantofmayors.org/wp-content/uploads /2019/04/Data-TWG_Reporting-Framework_GUIDANCE-NOTE.pdf. For social housing and historical buildings nationally applicable definitions should be used. Residential buildings

Institutional buildings and facilities

Social housing

Commercial buildings and facilities

Industrial buildings and facilities

Historical buildings

What percentage of the energy consumed within your city administrative boundary comes from Renewable Energy Sources (RES)? RES include: wind, solar (solar thermal and solar photovoltaic) and geothermal energy, ambient energy, tide, wave and other ocean energy, hydropower, biomass, landfill gas, sewage treatment plant gas, and biogas. In answering this question, 1) all energy consumption within the administrative boundary should be included, and 2) any green electricity certificates (i.e. green electricity produced outside the boundaries) have to be accounted for. No energy consumption from RES

20%-39%

60%-80%

Below 20%

40%-59%

Over 80%

Not known

What percentage of energy generated within the administrative boundary comes from RES? No energy generation (from any

20%-39%

60%-80%

40%-59%

Over 80%

Not known

sources) Below 20%

Which RES sources are currently used to generate energy within your city's administrative boundary?

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‘Ambient energy’ means naturally occurring thermal energy and energy accumulated in the environment with constrained boundaries, which can be stored in the ambient air, excluding in exhaust air, or in surface or sewage water. For more information, please consult the Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (RED II). Wind

Ambient energy

Sustainable biomass

Solar (solar thermal and solar

Tide, wave and other ocean

Landfill gas, sewage treatment plant

photovoltaic)

energy

gas, and biogas

Geothermal energy

Hydropower

Which non-renewable energy carriers are currently used to generate energy within your city’s administrative boundary? Coal

Nuclear

Other

Gas

Oil

None

Urban heat island effect mitigation is part of your energy policy. Which strategies are in place in your city to reduce the urban heat island effect and associated energy consumption? For a compendium of strategies, you can consult https://www.epa.gov/heatislands/heat-island-cooling-strategies Increasing tree and vegetative cover

Using cool pavements (either reflective or permeable)

Installing green roofs

Utilizing smart growth practices

Installing cool - mainly reflective -

Installing evaporative cooling features (e.g., fountains, sprinklers,

roofs

misting systems)

Current policies - transport Which of the following areas does your city's current transport policy address? Cleaner/efficient vehicles

Multi-modal hubs/integration between transport modes

Clean buses

Micromobility

Electric vehicles (incl. infrastructure)

Mobility as a Service (MaaS)

Investment in metros and railways

Improvement of logistics and urban freight transport

Accessibility of public transport

Road network optimisation aiming at emission reduction

Modal shift to walking & cycling, incl.

Mixed use development and sprawl containment

infrastructure Car sharing

Digitalisation and smart city solutions

Ride-sharing/car-pooling initiatives

Eco-driving (driving behaviour and style to reduce fuel consumption and emissions)

Park and ride facilities

Which type of transport policy measures does your city apply? Congestion pricing consists of charging of users of private vehicles in periods of peak demand in designated areas of the city. Technical measures (e.g. smart cards for public

Financial incentives and fiscal instruments (e.g.

transport)

subsidies, taxes, congestion pricing schemes)

Infrastructure measures (e.g. cycling lanes,

Public Private Partnerships

recharging stations for electric cars) Regulation based measures (e.g. vehicle access

Voluntary measures with stakeholders

regulations like Low or Zero Emission Zones)

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Planning solutions (e.g. SUMP or integrated land

Information/awareness raising (e.g. awareness

use and transport planning)

campaigns)

Does the issuing of [new] building permits require the constructor/promoter to provide charging stations for electric vehicles / e-bikes etc? Yes, for office buildings and/or education buildings

Yes, for residential buildings

Yes, for commercial/ entertainment buildings

No

Current policies - waste/wastewater management Which of the following areas does your city's current waste/wastewater management policy address? Examples. - 'Promotion of the use of recycled and recyclable' include sustainably managed wood, hedges instead of fences. - 'Litter prevention in public spaces and/or marine litter prevention" includes measures to fight street littering, measures aimed at reducing the use of unnecessary packaging, and bans on free plastic carrier bags. - 'Industrial symbiosis between local businesses' includes all processes by which wastes or by‐products of an industry or industrial process become the raw materials for another. - 'Sustainable buildings' applies to either new builds or refurbishments – using recycled materials or innovative designs that will increase the life-time of buildings and/or allow them to be more easily recycled in the future. - ‘Circular economy business models …' include setting up repair cafes, bicycle repair cooperatives, product leasing schemes, product char or exchange schemes. Use of recycled and recyclable, renewable and

Sustainable buildings

sustainable materials Management of biodegradable municipal waste

Circular economy business models, aimed at encouraging the reuse, repair and/or recycling of products

Municipal waste prevention

Efficient thermal treatment/ landfill management

Food waste prevention

Efficient waste /landfill gas to energy / fuel

Redirecting food surplus and food scraps

Wastewater reuse

Litter prevention in public spaces and/or marine litter

Stormwater management

prevention Industrial symbiosis between local businesses

Which type of waste/wastewater management policy measures does your city currently apply? Regulatory (e.g. bans or restrictions on single use or non-recyclable materials, regulations for durability, reparability and recycling in public procurement) Financial incentives and fiscal instruments (e.g. grants, loans, soft loans, taxes, subsidies, fees / incentives for volume based waste collection) Public Private Partnerships Information/awareness raising (e.g. litter prevention campaigns, recycling campaigns) Infrastructure measures (e.g. reprocessors, recycling centres, waste-to-energy facilities) Voluntary measures with stakeholders

Which of the following fractions are collected and/or sorted separately in your city? Plastics

Cardboard and paper

Food waste

Waste electrical and electronic equipment

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Glass

Metal

Garden/Yard waste

Hazardous waste

Current policies - digitalisation & smart city elements Which of the following elements does your city have in place to enable or incentivise digitalisation and smart city solutions intended to support the transition towards climate neutrality? Definition “Smart city”: urban area that uses various types of sensors to collect data electronically to provide information, that is used to manage assets and resources efficiently. This includes data collected from citizens, devices, and assets that are processed and analysed to monitor and manage traffic and transportation systems, power plants, watersupply networks, waste/wastewater management, law enforcement, information systems, schools, libraries, hospitals, and other community services. Policies and strategies can be either standalone or part of a broader urban/innovation/sustainability strategy/policy. For "Innovation procurement strategies", please refer to Section 7.6 of the InfoKit. Digitalisation or smart city strategies

Innovation procurement strategies

Use of Internet-of-Things technology

Digitalisation or smart city policies

Data governance strategy

Digital Twins

(national or local) ICT infrastructure to enable smart

Use of open standards by

city solutions

preference

Does your city run any smart city projects? Yes No Planned

How does your city obtain the expertise and skills to support the implementation of smart city solutions? Not known

Work with external organisation/expert

Available in-house

Project based collaboration (e.g. with other cities, private or public entities)]

Does your city carry out impact assessments of the smart city solutions in place? Please consider environmental impact assessments among others (economic, social etc.). Yes No

How has your city funded or financed the implementation of smart city solutions? Useful definitions: - PPP = a partnership between the public and private sectors to deliver services to the public. - Blended finance = financial mechanisms that use public (or philanthropic) funds to attract additional private finance for projects. EU funding

Public-private partnership (PPP)

Blended finance

National and/or regional funding

Private investment

City budget

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Has your city worked with other stakeholders to implement smart city projects? No

Private sector

Other cities

Academia/R&I institutions

National/regional authorities

NGOs and associations

Has your city used any open innovation approaches and methods to enable testing, piloting or demonstration of integrated smart-city solutions? Useful definitions: - Testbeds = technological testing, piloting and demo-infrastructures which are part of real-life systems (e.g. energy system). - Living Labs = user-centred, open innovation ecosystems based on a systematic approach to user co-creation, integrating research and innovation processes in real life communities and settings. - Regulatory sandboxes = frameworks which, by providing a structured context for experimentation, enable where appropriate in a real-world environment the testing of innovative technologies, products, services or approaches – at the moment especially in the context of digitalisation – for a limited time and in a limited part of a sector or area under regulatory supervision ensuring that appropriate safeguards are in place (https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en /press/press-releases/2020/11/16/regulatory-sandboxes-and-experimentation-clauses-as-tools-for-betterregulation-council-adopts-conclusions/) For further information on open innovation approaches please refer to the InfoKit, Part II, Section 7.8, page 61. No

Living labs

Testbeds

Regulatory sandboxes

Other

If other, please specify 50 character(s) maximum Proofs of Concept, prototyping, challenges

Please provide additional information about the smart cities and digitalisation projects referred to in the previous questions. 1000 character(s) maximum Please list specific strategies, policies, and projects related to your previous answers. Horizon 2020 Decarb city Pipes 2050: Transition roadmaps to energy efficient, zero-carbon urban heating and cooling.Horizon 2020 RUGGEDISED is a smart city project funded under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. Interreg NWE Urbcon: URBCON reduces the use of raw materials and the CO2 emissions from construction and maintenance of buildings and infrastructure in cities. Interreg 2 Seas Mobi-Mix: Improved implementation of shared mobility and MaaS to increase up-take of lowcarbon transport in cities. LIFE@UrbanRoofs: This project encourages real estate developers and building owners to invest in climate change adaptation. Further: developement of an Open Urban Platform with Digital Twin, Co-creatiion in the digital city, Permit check service, newbuildingapp, Digital Twin sustainability, SAFE 3D Rotterdam, Digital Twin under water.

You may upload any supporting documentation here.

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Measures Is your city successfully implementing or has successfully implemented key climate change mitigation/GHG reduction measures since 2005 (included)? Key measures could be those which stand out in terms of impact, innovation, resource-efficiency, cost-efficiency, time-efficiency, replicability. Yes No

How many key measures would you like to provide information about? 1 2 3 4 5

Measure 1 Measure (short description) 200 character(s) maximum Development of infrastructure , steam exchange, heat supply and CCS; Hydrogen use, electrification, closure of coal fired power plants; development of circular economy,biobased economy, free of fossil

Sector(s) covered “Cross-sectoral” can include relevant measures linked to digital transition. Stationary energy

Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use

Cross-sectoral

(AFOLU) Transport

Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU)

Waste/wastewater

Energy generation

Degree of implementation Fully implemented Under implementation Not started

Scale Smaller than district/neighbourhood scale District/neighbourhood scale City scale Greater than city scale

Description of achievements relevant to climate neutrality 500 character(s) maximum

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This can include the estimated emission reduction, energy savings, or a description of other performance indicators specific to the measure Estimated emissions reduction (metric tonnes CO2e): 31400000 (total in 2050)

Measure 2 Measure (short description) 200 character(s) maximum insulation of existing buildings, extension of the existing heat network and connection of new buildings; from natural gas towards allelectric heating of buildings; construction of new buildings

Sector(s) covered “Cross-sectoral” can include relevant measures linked to digital transition. Stationary energy

Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use

Cross-sectoral

(AFOLU) Transport

Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU)

Waste/wastewater

Energy generation

Degree of implementation Fully implemented Under implementation Not started

Scale Smaller than district/neighbourhood scale District/neighbourhood scale City scale Greater than city scale

Description of achievements relevant to climate neutrality 500 character(s) maximum This can include the estimated emission reduction, energy savings, or a description of other performance indicators specific to the measure Estimated emissions reduction (metric tonnes CO2e): 655000

Measure 3 Measure (short description) 200 character(s) maximum Energy saving through promoting energy efficient consumer goods and behaviour; local production of solar and wind power; greening the energy mix, sustainable heat grid.

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Sector(s) covered “Cross-sectoral” can include relevant measures linked to digital transition. Stationary energy

Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use

Cross-sectoral

(AFOLU) Transport

Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU)

Waste/wastewater

Energy generation

Degree of implementation Fully implemented Under implementation Not started

Scale Smaller than district/neighbourhood scale District/neighbourhood scale City scale Greater than city scale

Description of achievements relevant to climate neutrality 500 character(s) maximum This can include the estimated emission reduction, energy savings, or a description of other performance indicators specific to the measure Estimated emissions reduction (metric tonnes CO2e):1300000

Measure 4 Measure (short description) 200 character(s) maximum Promoting public transport, electrification of personal cars and city logistics, zero-emission inner city, promotion of cyling and other slow traffic, greening the highways, regional roads, shipping

Sector(s) covered “Cross-sectoral” can include relevant measures linked to digital transition. Stationary energy

Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use

Cross-sectoral

(AFOLU) Transport

Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU)

Waste/wastewater

Energy generation

Degree of implementation Fully implemented Under implementation Not started

Scale

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Smaller than district/neighbourhood scale District/neighbourhood scale City scale Greater than city scale

Description of achievements relevant to climate neutrality 500 character(s) maximum This can include the estimated emission reduction, energy savings, or a description of other performance indicators specific to the measure Estimated emissions reduction (metric tonnes CO2e): 760000

R&I projects Has your city participated in any European R&I projects relevant to climate change mitigation/GHG emissions reduction since 2005 (included)? You may also include relevant projects linked to digital transformation. Yes No

How many R&I projects would you like to provide information about? 1 2 3 4 5

R&I project 1 Project Name 100 character(s) maximum Decarb city Pipes 2050

Framework Programme Horizon 2020/Horizon Europe

Connecting Europe Facility (CEF)

JPI Urban Europe projects

Framework Programme 7 (FP7)

Digital Europe Programme (DIGITAL)

Other

Framework Programme 6 (FP6)

Structural Funds

Not applicable

How would you describe the role of your city in the initiative? Pilot city Case study Partner/follower Other

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Briefly specify how this project has contributed or is expected to contribute to advancing towards the 2030 climate neutrality target 500 character(s) maximum Transition roadmaps to energy efficient, zero-carbon urban heating and cooling. Decarb City Pipes 2050 showcases how local authorities can succeed in this challenge. Bilbao, Bratislava, Dublin, Munich, Rotterdam, Vienna and Winterthur, seven cities from frontrunners to beginners join forces to learn from each other and elaborate innovative responses together.

R&I project 2 Project Name 100 character(s) maximum Ruggedised

Framework Programme Horizon 2020/Horizon Europe

Connecting Europe Facility (CEF)

JPI Urban Europe projects

Framework Programme 7 (FP7)

Digital Europe Programme (DIGITAL)

Other

Framework Programme 6 (FP6)

Structural Funds

Not applicable

How would you describe the role of your city in the initiative? Pilot city Case study Partner/follower Other

Briefly specify how this project has contributed or is expected to contribute to advancing towards the 2030 climate neutrality target 500 character(s) maximum RUGGEDISED is a smart city project funded under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. It brings together three lighthouse cities: Rotterdam, Glasgow and Umeå and three fellow cities: Brno, Gdansk and Parma to test, implement and accelerate the smart city model across Europe. Working in partnership with businesses and research centres these six cities will demonstrate how to combine ICT, e-mobility and energy solutions to design smart, resilient cities for all.

R&I project 3 Project Name 100 character(s) maximum Triple-A project

Framework Programme Horizon 2020/Horizon Europe

Connecting Europe Facility (CEF)

JPI Urban Europe projects

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Framework Programme 7 (FP7)

Digital Europe Programme (DIGITAL)

Other

Framework Programme 6 (FP6)

Structural Funds

Not applicable

How would you describe the role of your city in the initiative? Pilot city Case study Partner/follower Other

Briefly specify how this project has contributed or is expected to contribute to advancing towards the 2030 climate neutrality target 500 character(s) maximum The overall aim of the Triple-A project - Enhancing at an Early Stage the Investment Value Chain of Energy Efficiency Projects - is to assist financial institutions and project developers increase their deployment of capital in energy efficiency, making investments more transparent, predictable and attractive. Triple-A is implemented by a consortium of academic, research and industry partners from Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, Spain and The Netherlands.

R&I project 4 Project Name 100 character(s) maximum MOBI-MIX

Framework Programme Horizon 2020/Horizon Europe

Connecting Europe Facility (CEF)

JPI Urban Europe projects

Framework Programme 7 (FP7)

Digital Europe Programme (DIGITAL)

Other

Framework Programme 6 (FP6)

Structural Funds

Not applicable

How would you describe the role of your city in the initiative? Pilot city Case study Partner/follower Other

Briefly specify how this project has contributed or is expected to contribute to advancing towards the 2030 climate neutrality target 500 character(s) maximum Improved implementation of shared mobility and MaaS to increase up-take of low-carbon transport in cities. The MOBI-MIX cities are working to decarbonise road transport (cars in particular). Within the project, they will facilitate the private sector to more effectively implement Shared Mobility solutions The aim is to reduce 365.000 kg of CO2-emissions by avoiding/replacing 2.6M fossil-fuelled car-kilometres in the urban environments of 5 cities/regions in the 2 Seas area.

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R&I project 5 Project Name 100 character(s) maximum LIFE@UrbanRoofs:

Framework Programme Horizon 2020/Horizon Europe

Connecting Europe Facility (CEF)

JPI Urban Europe projects

Framework Programme 7 (FP7)

Digital Europe Programme (DIGITAL)

Other

Framework Programme 6 (FP6)

Structural Funds

Not applicable

How would you describe the role of your city in the initiative? Pilot city Case study Partner/follower Other

Briefly specify how this project has contributed or is expected to contribute to advancing towards the 2030 climate neutrality target 500 character(s) maximum This project encourages real estate developers and building owners to invest in climate change adaptation. . The project will trial the use of multifunctional roofs that have greater benefits for property owners than traditional green roofs. These roofs will combine several types of infrastructure: green (to reduce the urban heat island effect and support biodiversity), blue (water storage), yellow (energy generation) and red (social use). Rotterdam has selected three demonstration sites.

Initiatives Has your city joined any other specific initiatives relevant to climate change mitigation/GHG emissions reduction since 2005 (included)? Examples of initiatives: - Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy - 100 Intelligent Cities Challenge/Digital Cities Challenge - Urban Innovative Actions - Smart Cities Marketplace initiatives - EIT Climate KIC initiatives - New European Bauhaus - Green City Accord - CIVITAS - URBACT programme - Affordable Housing Initiative - City Science Initiative

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- Living-in.eu Movement If relevant to climate neutrality, also national initiatives can be mentioned here. Yes No

How many initiatives would you like to provide information about? 1 2 3 4 5

Initiative 1 Initiative Name 100 character(s) maximum Examples of initiatives: - Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy - 100 Intelligent Cities Challenge/Digital Cities Challenge - Urban Innovative Actions - Smart Cities Marketplace initiatives - EIT Climate KIC initiatives - New European Bauhaus - Green City Accord - CIVITAS - URBACT programme - Affordable Housing Initiative - City Science Initiative - Living-in.eu Movement If relevant to climate neutrality, also national initiatives can be mentioned here. Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy

How would you describe the role of your city in the initiative? Definition and examples for each term. The city is considered: - a “demonstrator”, if the city has served as proof of concept and has implemented any of the outcomes of the initiative (e.g. tools/tests/trials). Other similar phrases used to describe demonstrators are pilot cities, demo sites, case studies, early adopters, living labs, organisers, and leaders; - a “replicator”, if the city has served to expand the applicability of a concept by implementing any of the outcomes of the initiative. Other similar words used to describe replicators are mentees, twin cities, companion cities, partner cities; - an “observer”, if the city participated in a process concerning the outcomes of the initiative without any implemented action; - other, if none of the definitions above describes the role of the city in the initiative. Follower cities could fall under replicator or observer, depending on whether they implement any action or not. Demonstrator

Observer

Not known

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Replicator

Other

Not applicable

Briefly specify how this initiative has contributed or is expected to contribute to your city advancing towards the 2030 climate neutrality target 500 character(s) maximum acountability, exchange of best practices, cooperation different layers of goverment

Initiative 2 Initiative Name 100 character(s) maximum Examples of initiatives: - Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy - 100 Intelligent Cities Challenge/Digital Cities Challenge - Urban Innovative Actions - Smart Cities Marketplace initiatives - EIT Climate KIC initiatives - New European Bauhaus - Green City Accord - CIVITAS - URBACT programme - Affordable Housing Initiative - City Science Initiative - Living-in.eu Movement If relevant to climate neutrality, also national initiatives can be mentioned here. C40

How would you describe the role of your city in the initiative? Definition and examples for each term. The city is considered: - a “demonstrator”, if the city has served as proof of concept and has implemented any of the outcomes of the initiative (e.g. tools/tests/trials). Other similar phrases used to describe demonstrators are pilot cities, demo sites, case studies, early adopters, living labs, organisers, and leaders; - a “replicator”, if the city has served to expand the applicability of a concept by implementing any of the outcomes of the initiative. Other similar words used to describe replicators are mentees, twin cities, companion cities, partner cities; - an “observer”, if the city participated in a process concerning the outcomes of the initiative without any implemented action; - other, if none of the definitions above describes the role of the city in the initiative. Follower cities could fall under replicator or observer, depending on whether they implement any action or not. Demonstrator

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