Environmental Stressors and their impact on Health and Disease MÜNZEL.pdf

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MÜNZEL ET AL.

Address correspondence to: Prof. Dr. Thomas Münzel Zentrum für Kardiologie Kardiologie 1 Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Gebäude 605, Langenbeckstr. 1 55131 Mainz Germany E-mail: tmuenzel@uni-mainz.de Date of first submission to ARS Central, April 11, 2017; date of final revised submission, November 11, 2017; date of acceptance, November 14, 2017.

Abbreviations Used BH4 ¼ tetrahydrobiopterin BP ¼ blood pressure CDA ¼ continuous descent arrivals cGK-I ¼ cGMP-dependent protein kinase I cGMP ¼ cyclic guanosine monophosphate CHF ¼ Swiss Francs CI ¼ confidence interval CVD ¼ cardiovascular disease DALYs ¼ disability-adjusted life years dB(A) ¼ A-weight decibels EMR ¼ electromagnetic radiation ENNAH ¼ European Network on Noise and Health eNOS ¼ endothelial nitric oxide synthase; ET-1 ¼ endothelin-1 EU ¼ European Union FMD ¼ flow-mediated dilation FOXO ¼ Forkhead-box-protein HYENA ¼ Hypertension and Exposure to Noise near Airports Ihh ¼ Indian hedgehog IL-6 ¼ interleukin-6 JRC ¼ joint research center Leq ¼ average sound pressure level MACCE ¼ major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral events NGS ¼ next-generation sequencing NIHL ¼ noise-induced hearing loss;  NO ¼ nitric oxide Nox ¼ isoform (e.g., 1, 2, 4) of NADPH oxidase ONOO- ¼ peroxynitrite PM ¼ particulate matter RANCH ¼ Road traffic and Aircraft Noise exposure and children’s Cognition and Health ROS ¼ reactive oxygen species SES ¼ socioeconomic status sGC ¼ soluble guanylyl cyclase SOD ¼ superoxide dismutase SOD2 ¼ manganese superoxide dismutase SPL ¼ sound pressure level VEGF ¼ vascular endothelial growth factor VSMCs ¼ vascular smooth muscle cells WHO ¼ World Health Organization Ypel2 ¼ Yippee-like-2