DISCE - Between labour markets and entrepreneurship

Going in reverse order, the macro level of analysis led by Work Package 2 explored macro-level interactions and outputs – specifically, creative economy manifestations in terms of geographical ecosystems and the interactions between creative production and consumption, and the role of policy within these. At this level, we examined the overall profile of the city-region, in quantitative but also policy terms, providing an overview of the relevant data and policy literature presented in a series of regional case studies that summarised available information on local creative economies and their relationship with the DISCE approach (see Regional Case Studies, 2022). The meso level enabled an exploration of the organisations, institutions and infrastructure at the city level that brought actors within the creative/cultural ecology together and at the micro-level we were able to focus on individuals: creative and cultural workers, freelancers and entrepreneurs, aspiring creatives, students, graduates, as well as individuals that contribute to the local creative economies in a multitude of ways, these have been the focus of WP3, WP4 and WP5. WP3, WP4 and WP5 adopted other methods and collected other data alongside the main case study framework shared here. These are explained in further details within each WP deliverables.

In terms of actual research methods deployed, the initial fieldwork visits which took place in the pilot city of Enschede, The Netherlands from October 2019 – February 2020 included a series of four Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) workshops (see Hargreaves and Hartley 2016) with citizens from across Enschede cultural ecosystem. The ABCD workshops were held across three different locations in the city, one being the Saxion University located in the city centre, one in an Assyrian Cultural Centre located in a SouthWest suburb of the city and one in an Artists co-working foundation and exhibition space located in a former textile mill in the South-east part of the city. Each event attracted different communities that contributed to Enschede’s creative economy, from policy makers and academics, artists, cultural producers and migrant workers from Syria, Turkey and Iraq. Alongside the ABCD workshops we held 35 interviews with a range of stakeholders some of whom had attended the workshop and some that we met for the first time. In total, we engaged with 94 participants from the city of Enschede in The Netherlands.

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In March 2020, the outbreak of the Covid-19 virus and subsequent pandemic interrupted the research approach. At this point it was necessary to pivot to a digital approach to data collection and all subsequent research activities were conducted online. Building on Gross et al. 2019, this appendix details the steps undertaken in the initial data collection and analysis. It is structured in 3 parts which outline the collaborative stages of qualitative data collection undertaken by DISCE Researchers from across the consortium. Firstly, we discuss how data collection and preparation took place across the case studies; secondly, how data was prepared and coded for analysis. Finally, we direct readers to each WP deliverable to consider how the data were used by each specific WP. Phase 1: data collection and preparation Sampling and fieldwork Building on the plans outlined in Gross et al. (2019) and with the awareness of the importance of adopting an inclusive approach, DISCE researchers paid attention in mapping the local creative ecology of each case study from the bottom-up with a commitment to inviting a broad range of participants associated with the creative economy, from creative and cultural producers and representatives from cultural institutions alongside participants from various charities, training bodies, volunteers, educational establishments.

We invited workshop participants (for Enschede, Liepaja and Pori) and interviewees to recommend other people or organizations for the study. Hence, snowballing is an important technique for identifying the research participants (Neergaard, 2007) and it will be prioritized over the sectoral coverage, for example. However, given the goal is to develop a holistic understanding of each ecology, the DISCE Consortium applies a heuristic checklist for including the multiple voices from within each ecology. In particular, following shared guidelines developed in Gross et al. (2019, p. 23) we made sure recruitment included a minimum of representation across these broader categories in each city: • • • • • •

Policy makers (1 to 3 individuals) Network / community managers (1 to 3 individuals) Companies (10 to 16 individuals) HE providers (1 to 3 individuals) Creative worker or recent creative graduate (20 to 30 individuals) Volunteer and community groups (16 to 20 individuals)

In addition to checking that the various categories will be covered in each case study, interviewees in each category are selected to represent maximum diversity (Neergaard, 2007). This means that for example business representatives will be selected not to represent only one industry but the variety within the ecology. On the other hand, given our approach of bottom-up mapping of the ecologies, it does not make sense to specify a-priori the industries that the business representatives need to represent. Altogether, we conducted 280 interviews for the DISCE. Some interviews had multiple participants i.e. two or three persons were interviewed at the same time resulting into a total number of 290 interviewed individuals. The Appendix 1 Table 1 below summarises the overall number of participants in each case studies articulated across the categories highlighted above. Moreover, many interviewees were involved in multiple activities at the same time reflecting portfolio careers which are typical in cultural and creative sectors (see e.g. Ball et al., 2010; Eikhof, 2013; Hennekam & Bennett, 2016). For example, a person was simultaneously a business owner and an employed worker, or a student and a volunteer, or a creative worker and a representative of a company, and the interview covered his or her multiple roles.

This portfolio nature of work greatly enriched our data collection and resulted into a total number of 533 roles across the six categories (see the last row of Appendix 1 Table 1).

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Appendix 1 Table 1. Interview participants in each case study locations

Chatham Dundee Enschede L'Aquila Leuven Liepaja Lund Pécs Pori Treviso TOTAL (individuals) TOTAL (roles)

Policy maker

Network/co mmunity manager

Company

Higher education provider

1 2 3 2 1 1 1 0 1 1

2 0 4 2 5 2 3 3 3 1

16 16 16 12 9 11 14 11 19 12

4 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 3 1

Creative worker or recent creative graduate 5 7 9 9 8 9 6 9 10 10

13

24

135

21

21

57

197

48

Volunteer and community groups

TOTAL

3 3 1 0 2 1 0 0 3 0

31 30 35 26 27 26 26 25 39 25

82

14

290

175

35

534

Note to the table: ‘Network/community manager’ category includes venues for cultural life (e.g. cultural centres) and various public or private 'umbrella' organisations (e.g. national or international sectoral associations); ‘Company’ category includes private companies as well as cultural and creative institutions (e.g. museums and theatres); ‘Creative worker or recent creative graduate’ category includes also students, and the number of freelancers/entrepreneurs is divided equally between 'companies' and 'creative workers' based on the rationale that many of them are one-person businesses; ‘Volunteer and community groups’ category includes volunteers as well as participants representing civil society (e.g. members of a local ethnic community). The regional breakdown of participants is based on their primary role (e.g. a policy maker who is also a part-time entrepreneur is categorised here as a policy maker). The multiple roles each participant may have had is acknowledged in the 'TOTAL (roles)' in which Interviewees were categorized based on all their roles across the six categories. An average, each individual had just under two work roles.

The DISCE-approach included co-creation activities with a variety of stakeholders throughout the project. To this end we organised various workshops at different project stages. ABCD and Visioning workshops focused on mapping a range of assets a community has (Gross et al., 2019) in a total of ten events in Enschede (five events), Liepaja (two events) and Pori (three events) regions between October 2019 and May 2021. Cocreation Labs were aimed at facilitating and observing interaction between creative professionals (DISCE, 2019) in three events in Dresden, Timisoara and Bratislava (one in each) between May 2019 and September 2021. Policy workshops were organized to test and validate our preliminary research findings in each of the ten case study regions between November 2021 and January 2022. The DISCE workshops were organised onsite until the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, which resulted into online meetings and in one instance to a hybrid format. The breakdown of workshops across different categories of participants is presented in the Appendix 1 Table 2.

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Appendix 1 Table 2. Workshop participants in all case study cities/regions

ABCD & Visioning workshops Co-creation labs Policy workshops

Policy maker

Network/ community manager

28

1

7

8

Company

HE provider

31 7 17

13 6

Creative worker or recent creative graduate

Volunteer and community groups

SUM

31 8 15

27 69 2

131 84 55

Note to the table: participant categories are described in more detail in the Table 1. ‘ABCD and Visioning workshops’ includes participants from five workshops in Enschede, three in Pori and two in Liepaja. ‘Co-creation Labs’ includes participants from workshops in three location: Dresden, Timisoara and Bratislava (one in each). ‘Policy workshops’ includes participants from all the ten DISCE case study locations (one in each). All DISCE workshops were organised between May 2019 and January 2022, either onsite, online or in a hybrid format.

Overview Participants' data In total, the DISCE research project interviewed 290 individuals across the ten case study locations. Slightly over half (55%) of the interviewees were females, but the gender ratio varied across the locations so that females were in clear majority in Liepaja and Chatham and males in Enschede (see Appendix 1 Table 3). The age range of interviewees formed a bell-shaped curve, the peak being those in their 40s. Again, there were regional differences in the distribution so that youngest participants were from Liepaja and oldest from Chatham. Appendix 1 Table 3. Interview participant demographics across the ten case study locations (%, n=290) Age groups (%)

Gender (%) Case region

Female

Male

Sum

20-29

30-39

40-49

50-59

Chatham Dundee Enschede L'Aquila Leuven Liepaja Lund Pécs Pori Treviso TOTAL

71 63 40 50 44 72 54 48 56 48 55

29 37 60 50 56 28 46 52 44 52 45

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

3 3 27 8 22 32 15 16 6 12 13

10 17 14 27 30 32 23 36 28 24 24

32 33 14 35 26 20 23 32 39 28 29

32 27 41 19 22 4 27 8 19 28 23

60 or over 23 20 5 12 0 12 12 8 8 8 11

Sum 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Following the aims of the DISCE project, we reached out for a large variety of different types of stakeholders. This inclusiveness was reinforced by the fact that portfolio careers are common in cultural and creative sectors (see e.g. Ball et al., 2010; Eikhof, 2013; Hennekam & Bennett, 2016). Consequently, individuals in our data were typically involved in several work activities at the same time. The largest groups of interviewees were those representing a company or cultural institution, or those being creative workers or graduates (or both), while policy makers constituted the smallest participant group (see Appendix 1 Table 4). There were some regional differences, for example Dundee had the largest share of those who were interviewed in their capacity as a company or a cultural institution representative, whereas creative workers had a dominant role in Lund. Moreover, network managers had a relatively large share among interviewees in L'Aguila and higher education institutions in Pécs. 91

Appendix 1 Table 4. Interview participant types (multiple types per person possible) across the ten case study locations (%, n=534)

Chatham Dundee Enschede L'Aquila Leuven Liepaja Lund Pécs Pori Treviso TOTAL

Policy maker

Network/ community manager

Company or cultural institution

HE provider

4 4 7 8 2 2 2 0 3 7 4

10 2 13 22 16 8 5 7 9 14 11

39 48 36 37 36 33 32 36 34 39 37

10 13 6 12 4 14 4 18 8 5 9

Creative worker or recent creative graduate 27 24 34 19 37 33 46 37 38 33 33

Volunteer and community groups

SUM

10 9 4 2 5 10 11 2 8 2 6

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Reflecting the inclusiveness of the DISCE project, we interviewed people from a rich array of cultural and creative sectors. Based on the UNCTAD's (2008) classification, our data include participants from all the eight major fields so that creative services and performing arts were the most common ones (see Appendix 1 Table 5). The distribution of interviewees varied by the region, for example creative services had a largest representation in Liepaja, whereas visual arts were most common in Dundee and performing arts in Lund. Appendix 1 Table 5. Interview participant sectors (multiple sectors per person possible) across the ten case study locations (%, n=400)

Chatham Dundee Enschede L'Aquila Leuven Liepaja Lund Pécs Pori Treviso TOTAL

Audio visuals

Creative services

Cultural heritage

Design

New media

Performing arts

Printed media

Visual arts

SUM

9 12 4 8 5 2 4 10 10 14 8

31 0 37 11 32 42 28 32 19 8 25

12 4 10 17 2 9 14 8 21 27 13

6 20 6 9 5 14 4 13 9 13 9

3 8 14 6 10 5 4 0 3 3 6

24 20 19 19 27 14 28 10 21 22 20

3 0 2 11 2 7 4 5 0 0 3

12 36 8 19 17 7 14 22 17 13 16

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Table 6 summarises – maintaining anonymity – the key characteristics of the individual interviewees across all the case study locations. The information includes citation code, region, age, gender, occupation, participant type and sector. Participant type is slightly more accurate in this table in comparison to the other tables in this subchapter as cultural institutions (labelled 'other organisation'), students / recent graduates and freelancers/self-employed are identified separately before merging them to broader categories for the other tables.

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Appendix 1 Table 6. Interview participant characteristics (n=289) Case Citation region code Northern Europe Lund LU1F20s

Age

Gender

Occupation or job title

Participant type

Sector (adopted from UNCTAD 2008)

20s

Female

Student

Lund

LU2M60s

60s

Male

Managing director

Cultural heritage, visual arts Performing arts

Lund

LU3F40s

40s

Female

Unit manager

Lund

LU4F50s

50s

Female

Lund

LU5M30s

30s

Male

LU6F40s

40s

Female

Lund

LU7M60s

60s

Male

Owner

Lund

LU8M20s

20s

Male

Lund

LU9M40s

40s

Male

Policymaker (vice-chairman of the board) Museum director

Network/ community, creative worker (employee) Other organisation, creative worker (employee) Company, freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Policy maker

Creative services

Lund

Freelancer (co-owner of two companies, fully owns yet another company) Community & communications manager Curator

Creative worker (employee), volunteer & community groups, student / recent graduate Other organisation, creative worker (employee) Educational institution, creative worker (employee) Company, freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner

Cultural heritage

Lund

LU10F20s

20s

Female

Station manager

Other organisation, creative worker (employee) Other organisation, creative worker (employee), volunteer & community groups, student / recent graduate

Lund

LU11M30s

30s

Male

Promoter

Performing arts

Lund

LU12M40s

40s

Male

Architect & owner

Other organisation, creative worker (employee) Company, creative worker (employee), freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner

Lund

LU13F40s

40s

Female

Managing director

Company, creative worker (employee)

Performing arts

Lund

LU14F50s

50s

Female

LU15F30s

30s

Female

Other organisation, creative worker (employee) Network/ community, creative worker (employee), freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner

Creative services

Lund

Project manager, entrepreneur Network/community manager/coordinator, freelancer

Lund

LU16M60s

69

Male

Researcher, photographer

Freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner

Visual arts

Lund

LU17M30s

30s

Male

Producer

Performing arts

Lund

LU18F30s

30s

Female

Festival director

Lund

LU19M50s

50s

Male

Lund

LU20F50s

50s

Female

LU21F20s

20s

Female

Lund

LU22F50s

50s

Female

Lund

LU23F50s

50s

Female

Freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Other organisation, creative worker (employee), volunteer & community groups, student / recent graduate Freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner

Design

Lund

Incubator director, freelance composer, musician, project manager, a workshop leader) Graphic designer, selfemployed, owner-manager Student, executive director

Other organisation, creative worker (employee) Other organisation, creative worker (employee), volunteer & community groups Network/ community, Creative worker (employee)

Lund

LU24F50s

50s

Female

Visual arts

Lund

LU25M40s

40s

Male

Creative worker (employee), freelancer / selfemployed / entrepreneur / business-owner, volunteer & community groups Educational institution, creative worker (employee)

Lund

LU26M30s

30s

Male

Freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner, volunteer & community groups

Performing arts

Potterist, self-employed, owner-manager Film maker, vr-artist, selfemployed, owner-manager of two companies Art teacher (employed); painter & illustrator (selfemployed, owns a company) Academic advisor, communication officer, doctoral student Performance artist, selfemployed (owns a company)

93

Performing arts Creative services

Visual arts Printed media Cultural heritage

Audiovisuals

Creative services

Performing arts

Performing arts Creative services

Creative services

Creative services, cultural heritage New media

Creative services

Case region Pori

Citation code PO1M30s

Age

Gender

30s

Male

Occupation or job title Customer service assistant

Participant type

Pori

PO2F40s

40s

Female

Coordinator

Pori

40s, 40s 40s

Females

Head of cultural center

Pori

PO3F40s, PO3F40s PO4F40s

Female

Pori

PO5M70s

70s

Male

Freelancer, creative worker, project coordinator An artist, retired teacher

Pori

PO6F40s

40s

Female

Pori

PO7M40s

40s

Male

Pori

PO8F40s

40s

Female

Pori

PO9F40s

40s

Female

Pori Pori

PO10M30s PO11M30s

30s 30s

Male Male

Pori

PO12M40s

40s

Male

Freelancer, director of cultural community Cultural manager Project coordinator, creative worker An artist, musician

Pori

PO13F50s

50s

Female

General manager

Pori Pori

Pori

PO14F50s PO15M50s, PO15M40s, PO15F30s PO16M40s

50s 50s, 40s, 30s 40s

Female Male, male, female Male

Key account manager Team leader, lecturer/project mgr, student Media instructor, selfemployed film maker

Pori

PO17M50s

50s

Male

Museum director

Pori

PO18F30s

30s

Female

Pori Pori

PO19F50s PO20F50s

50s 50s

Female Female

Pori

PO21F20s

20s

Female

Pori

PO22F30s

30s

Female

Pori

PO23F30s

30s

Female

Graphic designer, entrepreneur

Pori

PO24F40s, PO24F50s

40s,5 0s

Females

Av: museum director; mrs: intendant

Pori

PO25M40s

40s

Male

Poet

Pori

PO26M30s

30s

Male

Creative worker, independent researcher

Freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Network/ community, creative worker (employee), volunteer & community groups

Pori

PO27M40s

40s

Male

Founder and promoter of a festival

Company, freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner

Creative services, performing arts

Pori

PO28F30s

30s

Female

PO29M30s

30s

Male

Pori

PO30F30s

30s

Female

Creative worker (employee), freelancer / selfemployed / entrepreneur / business-owner Other organisation, freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Company

Design, visual arts

Pori

Scenographer (theater); graphic designer Bartender / an artist, rapper

Pori

PO31F20s

20s

Female

Freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner, student / recent graduate

Design

Other organisation, creative worker (employee) Other organisation

Sector (adopted from UNCTAD 2008) Cultural heritage

Creative worker (employee), freelancer / selfemployed / entrepreneur / business-owner Network/ community, freelancer / selfemployed / entrepreneur / business-owner Educational institution, freelancer / selfemployed / entrepreneur / business-owner Freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Network/ community, creative worker (employee), volunteer & community groups Creative worker (employee)

Creative services

Network/ community, freelancer / selfemployed / entrepreneur / business-owner Policy maker Network/ community, educational institution, creative worker (employee) Freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Creative worker (employee)

Creative services

Company Educational institution, student / recent graduate

Cultural heritage Visual arts

Other organisation, creative worker (employee), freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Policy maker, other organisation

Audiovisuals, performing arts

Museum assistant (collections), museum director's substitute Specialist in tourism Curator

Other organisation

Cultural heritage

Other organisation Creative worker (employee)

Cultural heritage

Student in cultural production and landscape studies, oriented in game industry Librarian, poet

Student / recent graduate

New media

Other organisation, creative worker (employee), freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Company, creative worker (employee), freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Other organisation, creative worker (employee)

Creative services, cultural heritage, performing arts

An artisan, entrepreneur (yarn manufactory) Cultural producer in free and public sector (events, films) Director

Self-employed graphic designer Shoe designer, selfemployed

94

Creative services, new media Visual arts Design, visual arts Audiovisuals, creative services, performing arts Performing arts

Audiovisuals Audiovisuals, performing arts Performing arts

Cultural heritage

Creative services, design, visual arts Audiovisuals, creative services, cultural heritage, performing arts, visual arts Performing arts Creative services, cultural heritage

Performing arts Design

Case region Pori

Citation code PO32M60s, PO32M70s, PO32F30s

Age

Gender

Participant type

Male, male, female

Occupation or job title Volunteer, volunteer, representative of the museum

60s, 70s, 50s

Pori

PO33M40s

40s

Male

Community, artist

Network/ community, creative worker (employee), freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner

Performing arts, visual arts

UK Chatham

CH1F40s

40s

Female

Musician, songwriter, university lecturer

Educational institution, Freelancer / Selfemployed / entrepreneur / business-owner

Performing arts

Chatham

CH2F40s

40s

Female

Dancer, examiner for IDTA, runs a dance school

Company, Freelancer / Self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner

Performing arts

Chatham

CH3F50s

50s

Female

Co-chair

Chatham

CH4M40s

40s

Male

Chief Executive Officer

Network/ community, Freelancer / Selfemployed / entrepreneur / business-owner Company, Creative worker (employee)

Chatham

CH5F50s

50s

Female

Programme Manager

Chatham

CH6F40s

40s

Female

Project Director

Chatham

CH7F50s

50s

Female

Theatre designer / lecturer / advocate

Chatham

CH8M10s

<20

Male

Student / volunteer

Chatham

CH9F30s

30s

Female

Arts manager / director

Chatham

CH10F60s

60s

Female

Electrologist / volunteer

Chatham

CH11F50s

50s

Female

Artist

Chatham

CH12M40s

40s

Male

Fashion Designer

Chatham

CH13F60s

60s

Female

Chatham

CH14M50s

50s

Male

Chatham Chatham

CH15F60s CH16F60s

60s 60s

Female Female

Professor of Contemporary Art and Photography Deputy Chief Executive Officer Director of Culture Director

Chatham Chatham

CH17F40s CH18F50s

40s 50s

Female Female

Director of Education Artistic Director

Chatham

CH19F40s

40s

Female

Theatre Director

Chatham

CH20F30s

30s

Female

Creative Practitioner, Founder

Chatham Chatham

CH21M40s CH22M60s

40s 60s

Male Male

Chatham

CH23M60s

60s

Male

Chatham

CH24M50s

50s

Male

Head of Culture and Libraries Head of Heritage, Learning & Outreach Lecturer, Director of Employability, music practitioner / consultant Events producer, DJ, local historian & tour guide

Chatham

CH25F40s

40s

Female

Chatham

CH26F30s

30s

Female

Freelance researcher & strategy consultant Independent Artist

Chatham

CH27F50s

50s

Female

Creative Director

Volunteer & community groups

Sector (adopted from UNCTAD 2008) Cultural heritage

Creative services

Policy maker, Company, Creative worker (employee) Policy maker, Other organisation, Creative worker (employee), Freelancer / Selfemployed / entrepreneur / business-owner Network/ community, Educational institution, Freelancer / Self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Network/ community, Volunteer & community groups, Student / Recent graduate Network/ community, Company, Freelancer / Self-employed / entrepreneur / businessowner Network/ community, Freelancer / Selfemployed / entrepreneur / business-owner, Volunteer & community groups Freelancer / Self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Company, Freelancer / Self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Educational institution

Performing arts

Company, Creative worker (employee)

Audiovisuals, New media

Educational institution Company, Other organisation, Creative worker (employee) Educational institution, Other organisation Company, Freelancer / Self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Company, Freelancer / Self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Freelancer / Self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Policy maker Company, Creative worker (employee)

Design, Performing arts

Creative services

Creative services

Audiovisuals, Performing arts, Visual arts Design Visual arts

Creative services

Audiovisuals Performing arts Creative services

Cultural heritage

Educational institution, Freelancer / Selfemployed / entrepreneur / business-owner

Performing arts

Freelancer / Self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner, Volunteer & community groups Freelancer / Self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Network/ community, Freelancer / Selfemployed / entrepreneur / business-owner Company, Educational institution, Creative worker (employee)

Creative services, Cultural heritage

95

Creative services Creative services, Printed media Performing arts

Case region Chatham

Citation code CH28M40s

Age

Gender

40s

Male

Occupation or job title Co-Ordinator

Chatham

CH29F60s

60s

Female

Co-chair

Chatham

CH30F50s

50s

Female

Independent Artist

Chatham

CH31F50s

50s

Female

Printmaker/Director

Dundee Dundee Dundee Dundee

DU1F50s DU2M40s DU3M40s DU4M60s

50s 40s 40s 60s

Female Male Male Male

Dundee Dundee Dundee Dundee

DU5F30s DU6F60s DU7F40s DU8M30s

30s 60s 40s 30s

Female Female Female Male

Dundee

DU9M20s

20s

Male

Creative Practitioner Creative Arts Lead Manager Voluntary Community Organiser Project Manager Head of Print Studio Director Head of Centre for Entrepreneurship Artist

Dundee Dundee Dundee Dundee

DU10M50s DU11F40s DU12F40s DU13F30s

50s 40s 40s 30s

Male Female Female Female

Dundee

DU14F40s

40s

Female

Dundee Dundee Dundee

DU15F70s DU16F40s DU17M50s

70s 40s 50s

Female Female Male

Dundee

DU18F40s

40s

Female

Retired - Ex Deputy Principle Director Dean of Design & Informatics, Professor of Applied Creativity Social entrepreneur

Dundee

DU19F50s

50s

Female

Artist, curator, educator

Dundee

DU20M40s

40s

Male

Dundee

DU21F30s

30s

Female

Executive Director and Joint CEO Designer

Dundee

DU22F50s

50s

Female

Artist and educator

Dundee

DU23M60s

60s

Male

Dundee

DU24F60s

60s

Female

Runs a Service Design and Innovation company Artists and sculpturer

Dundee

DU25M30s

30s

Male

Runs a design agency

Dundee Dundee

DU26F50s DU27F50s

50s 50s

Female Female

Project Manager Story Engineer

Dundee Dundee Dundee

DU28F50s DU29F40s DU30M60s

50s 40s 60s

Female Female Male

Head of Print Studio Music Teacher and Musician Director (retired) of leisure and culture

Central Europe Enschede EN1M20s

20s

Male

Freelancer

Technology Entrepreneur Principal Events Officer Student and Artist Lecturer, Artist, Curator, Festival Founder Manager

Participant type Network/ community, Other organisation, Creative worker (employee), Volunteer & community groups Network/ community, Other organisation, Freelancer / Self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner, Volunteer & community groups Freelancer / Self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner, Volunteer & community groups Company, Freelancer / Self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Company Other organisation Company Network/ community, Volunteer & community groups Other organisation Company, Creative worker (employee) Company Educational institution, Freelancer / Selfemployed / entrepreneur / business-owner Freelancer / Self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner, Student / Recent graduate Company Policy maker Student / Recent graduate Educational institution, Freelancer / Selfemployed / entrepreneur / business-owner Other organisation, Volunteer & community groups Educational institution Other organisation Educational institution

Other organisation, Freelancer / Selfemployed / entrepreneur / business-owner, Volunteer & community groups Freelancer / Self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Company, Volunteer & community groups

Sector (adopted from UNCTAD 2008)

Creative services,Visual arts Creative services, Visual arts Performing arts Performing arts Cultural heritage Design Visual arts Visual arts Audiovisuals, New media Visual arts Audiovisuals, New media Visual arts Visual arts

Design

Visual arts Performing arts

Educational institution, freelancer / selfemployed / entrepreneur / business-owner Freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Educational institution, Freelancer / Selfemployed / entrepreneur / business-owner Freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Company, creative worker (employee), freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Other organisation Company, Other organisation, Creative worker (employee), Freelancer / Self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Company, Creative worker (employee) Company, Creative worker (employee) Policy maker

Design

Company, freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner

New media

96

Visual arts Design Visual arts Design

Audiovisuals, Performing arts Visual arts Performing arts

Case region Enschede

Citation code EN2M20s

Age

Gender

20s

Male

Enschede Enschede

EN4F40s EN5M30s

40s 30s

Female Male

Enschede

EN6F20s

20s

Female

Enschede

EN7M50s

50s

Male

Occupation or job title Co-founder, director of communications (bachelor’s degree in creative technology) Account manager City poet, marketing professional, communications studies Quality engineer; master’s degree in philosophy of science, technology and society Museum director

Enschede

EN8M20s

20s

Male

Musician

Enschede

EN9F30s

30s

Female

Fashion and textile designer

Enschede

EN10M40s

40s

Male

Enschede Enschede

EN11M EN12F50s

50s

Male Female

Strategic development (online), visionaire Founder Visual artist and storyteller, student

Enschede

EN13M30s

30s

Male

Enschede

EN14M70s

70s

Male

Enschede

EN15F20s

20s

Female

Enschede

EN16M

Enschede Enschede

EN17M50s EN18M

Enschede Enschede

EN19M EN20M40s

Enschede

Chairman, electronic artist, performer Project initiator Artist, printmaker, works for two foundations

Male, female Male Male

Director Co-Founder

Male Male

Director of city marketing Multiple.

EN21F

Female, female

Enschede

EN22F

Female

Enschede

EN23M50s

50s

Male

Entrepreneurs, start-up programme for immigrants, community manager for a community of entrepreneurs, inter-cultural NGO Culture coach (coaching e.g theatre and music groups) Director

Enschede

EN24M20s

20s

Enschede Enschede

EN25F50s EN26M50s

50s 50s

Male, male Female Male

Local government advisor Creative worker

Enschede Enschede

EN27F EN28M50s

50s

Female Male

Lecturer Family social worker

Enschede

EN29M50s

50s

Male

Musician

Enschede

EN30F

Female

Musician

Enschede

EN31M

Male

City programmer

Enschede

EN32F

Female

Entrepreneur, civil cervant

Leuven

LE1F40s

Female

Managing director

50s

40s

40s

Participant type Company, freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner

Sector (adopted from UNCTAD 2008) New media

Policy maker Freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner

Creative services Printed media

Student / recent graduate

New media

Other organisation, creative worker (employee) Freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Company

Cultural heritage

Company Freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner, volunteer & community groups, student / recent graduate Company, freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Other organisation

Creative services Audiovisuals, cultural heritage, performing arts, visual arts Creative services, new media, performing arts, Creative services, performing arts Creative services

Network/ community, creative worker (employee), freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Other organisation

Performing arts Design Creative services

Creative services

Educational institution Company, Freelancer / Self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Policy maker Network/ community, creative worker (employee) Creative worker (employee), Freelancer / Selfemployed / entrepreneur / business-owner

Design, visual arts New media

Creative worker (employee)

Creative services

Network/ community, creative worker (employee)

Audiovisuals, creative services, performing arts, visual arts Creative services

Network/ community, creative worker (employee), student / recent graduate Policy maker Educational institution, freelancer / selfemployed / entrepreneur / business-owner Educational institution Network/ community, volunteer & community groups Freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Network/ community, freelancer / selfemployed / entrepreneur / business-owner Policy maker, freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Company, Creative worker (employee)

97

Creative services Cultural heritage Creative services

Cultural heritage Creative services, design New media Creative services, performing arts Performing arts Performing arts Creative services, performing arts Creative services, cultural heritage, new media New media

Case region Leuven

Citation code LE2F30s

Age

Gender

Occupation or job title Artist (painter, photographer) Managing director

30s

Female

Leuven

LE3M40s

40s

Male

Leuven

LE4M40s

40s

Male

Entrepreneur; managing director

Leuven

LE5M30s

30s

Male

Entrepreneur

Leuven

LE6M30s

30s

Male

Bartender; self-employed

Leuven

LE7M40s

40s

Male

Communication manager

Leuven

LE8M40s

40s

Male

Furniture designer, university teacher

Leuven

LE9F30s

30s

Female

Manager

Leuven

LE10F50s

50s

Female

Leuven

LE11F30s

30s

Female

Volunteer at theatre, community activist Expert in dialogue, diversity and immaterial heritage

Leuven

LE12F20s

20s

Female

Coordinator, freelance curator

Leuven Leuven

LE13M30s LE14M30s

30s 30s

Male Male

Owner Artist

Leuven

LE15M50s

50s

Male

Lawyer, company owner

Leuven

LE16M50s

50s

Male

Runs a music venue

Leuven Leuven Leuven

LE17F50s LE18M40s LE19F30s

50s 40s 30s

Female Male Female

Professor Company owner Creative industries expert, dramaturg

Leuven

LE20M40s

40s

Male

Leuven

LE21M50s

50s

Male

Work for a social profit organization that provides art courses for adults Runs an art studio

Leuven

LE22F20s

20s

Female

Musician

Leuven Leuven Leuven

LE23F50s LE24F20s LE25M20s

50s 20s 20s

Female Female Male

Professor Actress Journalist

Leuven

LE26M20s

20s

Male

Musician

Leuven LE27F20s Eastern Europe Liepaja LI1F60s

20s

Female

60s

Female

Liepaja Liepaja

LI2M20s LI3M30s

20s 30s

Liepaja Liepaja

LI4F30s LI5M50s

Liepaja Liepaja

Participant type Freelancer / Self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Network/ community, company, freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / businessowner Network/ community, Company, Freelancer / Self-employed / entrepreneur / businessowner Company, Freelancer / Self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Network/ community, Other organisation, Freelancer / Self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner, Volunteer & community groups Network/ community, Other organisation, Creative worker (employee) Creative worker (employee), Freelancer / Self-employed / entrepreneur / businessowner Network/ community, Company Volunteer & community groups Network/ community, other organisation, creative worker (employee), student / recent graduate Network/ community, other organisation, freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Company Freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner, student / recent graduate Company, freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Network/ community, creative worker (employee) Educational institution Company Policy maker, company, freelancer / selfemployed / entrepreneur / business-owner

Sector (adopted from UNCTAD 2008) Visual arts Creative services, new media Creative services

Creative services Audiovisuals, Creative services, New media, Performing arts Creative services, Performing arts Design

Creative services, Visual arts Creative services, performing arts Creative services, cultural heritage Creative services, visual arts Creative services, design Performing arts, visual arts Audiovisuals Performing arts

Creative services Creative services, performing arts

Other organisation, creative worker (employee)

Performing arts, visual arts

Visual arts

Student

Network/ community, creative worker (employee) Creative worker (employee), freelancer / selfemployed / entrepreneur / business-owner, student / recent graduate Educational institution Volunteer & community groups Freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner, student / recent graduate Freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner, student / recent graduate Student / recent graduate

Male Male

Public administration specialist Director Director

Policy maker, network/ community, volunteer & community groups Network/ community Company

30s 50s

Female Male

Board member Light artist

Performing arts Design, performing arts

LI6F40s

40s

Female

Artistic director

Other organisation Company, freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Company

LI7F20s

20s

Female

Product designer and teacher

Educational institution, freelancer / selfemployed / entrepreneur / business-owner

Design, visual arts

98

Performing arts

New media, visual arts Performing arts Performing arts, printed media Performing arts Creative services

Creative services Creative services

Performing arts

Case region Liepaja

Citation code LI8F40s

Age

Gender

Occupation or job title Writer, teacher, pr specialist, volunteer

40s

Female

Liepaja

LI9F40s

40s

Female

Liepaja

LI10F20s

20s

Female

Liepaja Liepaja Liepaja

LI11M30s LI12M30s LI13M30s

30s 30s 30s

Male Male Male

Liepaja Liepaja

LI14F40s LI15F40s

40s 40s

Female Female

Liepaja

LI16F20s

20s

Female

Youth mentor, client and communications manager

Creative worker (employee), volunteer & community groups, student / recent graduate

Liepaja

LI17M30s

30s

Male

Educational institution

Liepaja

LI18F30s

30s

Female

Liepaja

LI19F70s

70s

Female

Career consultant, project manager Head of creative lab, director of a bachelor’s degree program Teacher/tour guide

Liepaja

LI20F60s

60s

Female

Theatre critic, lecturer, journalist

Liepaja

LI21F30s

30s

Female

Liepaja

LI22F20s

20s

Female

Liepaja

LI23F20s

20s

Female

Freelance event organizer, career consultant Ba student in functional design Ba student in culture management, attendant at concert hall, assistant

Liepaja

LI24F20s

20s

Female

Entrepreneur, student, designer

Liepaja

LI25F10s

<20

Female

Pecs

PE1F50s

50s

Female

High school student, social media manager Professor, head of department, entrepreneur

Pecs

PE2M60s

60s

Male

Pecs

PE3M30s

30s

Male

Pecs

PE4F40s

40s

Female

Pecs Pecs

PE5M30s PE6F50s

30s 50s

Male Female

Pecs Pecs

PE7M20s PE8F40s

20s 40s

Male Female

Professor, vice-dean, ceramist Entrepreneur, fashion designer Representative of the chamber of commerce and industry Photographer, entrepreneur Entrepreneur, journalist, editor Cinematographer, tv editor Sculptor, lecturer

Pecs

PE9F20s

20s

Female

Tattoo artist

Pecs Pecs

PE10F20s PE11M40s

20s 40s

Female Male

Pecs

PE12M30s

30s

Male

Pecs

PE13F40s

40s

Female

Student Head of tourism association, entrepreneur Light artist, paper art designer CEO

Singer-songwriter, culture event director and moderator, director of a foundation Pr specialist, museum educator Director Event manager, producer Musician, culture event manager Co-founder Co-owner

Participant type Educational institution, creative worker (employee), freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner, volunteer & community groups, student / recent graduate Freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner, volunteer & community groups Other organisation, creative worker (employee) Company Company Network/ community, other organisation Network/ community, company Company

Sector (adopted from UNCTAD 2008) Creative services, printed media

Creative services, performing arts, printed media Creative services, cultural heritage Creative services Creative services Audiovisuals, creative services, performing arts Creative services Creative services, cultural heritage Creative services, cultural heritage

Educational institution

Creative services, design, performing arts, visual arts New media

Educational institution, freelancer / selfemployed / entrepreneur / business-owner

Creative services, cultural heritage

Educational institution, creative worker (employee), freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Educational institution, freelancer / selfemployed / entrepreneur / business-owner Student / recent graduate

Creative services, printed media

Creative worker (employee), volunteer & community groups, student / recent graduate

Creative services, design

Company, freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner, student / recent graduate Creative worker (employee), student / recent graduate Company, educational institution

Design, new media

Educational institution Company

Cultural heritage, visual arts Design

Network/ community

Creative services

Company, educational institution Freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Creative worker (employee) Educational institution, freelancer / selfemployed / entrepreneur / business-owner Creative worker (employee), freelancer / selfemployed / entrepreneur / business-owner Student / recent graduate Network/ community

Audiovisuals, visual arts Creative services, printed media Audiovisuals Visual arts

Other organisation, freelancer / self-employed / entrepreneur / business-owner Company

Creative services, design, performing arts Creative services, visual arts

99

Creative services Design, visual arts

Creative services Creative services

Design, visual arts Visual arts Creative services