RIS318170 Bijlage ClimateActionPlan TheHague

been excluded as a field of action from our

6 Tables B-1.1, B-2.1, B-2.2 of the December 2023 Action Plan Template

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pathways. However, mitigation and adaptation

Field of Action: Sustainable Mobility

can also overlap in sustainability efforts. Several

Subsectors

shifts lead to outcomes relevant for climate

1 Public transportation

adaptation. Elements relevant under this theme

2 Biking

are therefore mapped as co-benefits wherever

3 Walking

applicable. We also discuss monitoring of adap-

4 Electrification mobility on land

tation efforts in chapter 5.5.

5 Smart mobility 6 Smart logistics

To align with the NZC vocabulary, these three

7 Efficient car use

sustainability themes are called Fields of

8 Employers approach

Action in this context. They are organised into

Figure 10: Activity shifts can reduce emissions over time and are the core of the impact pathways (Source: ClimateView)

One of the fundamental assumptions under-

energy for heating’ or ‘shift from use of car to

lying this methodology is that users of a city

use of electric bus’. The need (a comfortable

subsectors, the most important areas of action

Field of Action: Circular Economy

have activity needs; they need ways to eat,

indoor climate or getting from A to B) is the

within the fields of action. In total, we identify

Subsectors

study, work, or entertain themselves. These

same, the way it is met has changed and

sixteen subsectors. Each Field of Action also has

1 Circular construction

needs can be fulfilled in different ways. A shift

become more sustainable. Shifts create direct

one strategic priority. This looks as following:

2 Household waste

refers to an identifiable change from one way of

CO2 impact and thus enable for us to quantify

3 Circular manufacturing industry

fulfilling a need to another. Examples are ‘shift

impact pathways; they also enable us to opera-

from natural gas for heating to geothermal

tionalise pathways.

Field of Action: Energy Transition Subsectors

These subsectors are again split up in shifts.

1 Collective heating

The definition of (activity) shifts is based on the

2 Individual heat pump

methodology of Swedish technology company

3 Electricity

ClimateView as outlined in their 2024 white

4 Energy efficiency of homes

paper on data-driven climate transitions. 7

Fields of Action

5 Energy efficiency of other building

Subsectors

Energy Transition

Sustainable Mobility

Circular Economy

Collective heating

Public transportation

Circular construction

Individual heat pumps

Biking

Household waste

Electricity

Walking

Circular manufacturing industry

Energy efficiency homes

Electrification mobility on land

Energy efficiency rest of built environnement

Smart mobility

Sustainable Built Environment

Integrated in other fields of action

Smart logistics Efficient car use Employers approach Figure 9: Shifting from activities that fulfil the same human need in a different way (Source: ClimateView)

Corresponding Strategic Priorities

Retrofitting 10.000 homes a year

Establishing and expanding a zero emission zone

Developing circular construction

Establishing and expanding a zero emission zone

Figure 11: Fields of Action – Subsectors structure applied to sustainability activities of The City of The Hague

7 Resources - ClimateView

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Every shift is the basis for an impact pathway.

or homes, among other things. Actions to make

While several subsectors contain one impact

the municipal organisation climate-neutral

pathway, several contain two or more. In total,

are therefore very different. For example,

we have identified the following:

while we are largely reliant on soft tools such as providing incentives and information for

Table 16: Overview of Impact Pathways (shifts) per Field of Action

improving the energy efficiency of the built environment as a whole, we have complete

Field of Action

Subsectors

Impact Pathways

Energy transition

5

11

Sustainable mobility

8

13

ipality encounters a lot of the same barriers

Circular economy

3

3

and opportunities as other stakeholders in the

Total

16

27

city. An example is the reliance on net capacity

control over the retrofitting of our own real estate portfolio. At the same time, the munic-

for the rollout of charging infrastructure, which again is needed for the electrification In order to create cohesive impact pathways, we

encies. With this, we refer to the major policy,

of our municipal fleet. More information

have also added several columns to the tables

infrastructural, or financial elements the

about the plans to make the municipal organi-

as provided in the NZC module B template.

success of this impact pathway is dependent

sation climate-neutral can be found in chapter

These columns are designed to answer the

on. The most relevant dependencies have

six.

following three questions:

also been mentioned in chapter four – Barriers and Opportunities.

1 What is the pathway?

5.2 Energy Transition

Every pathway is described in one sentence

Every impact pathway is supported by a port-

and then broken down in three phases:

folio of actions. As mentioned above, actions

Stationary energy use is responsible for over

where we currently are, where we expect to

often serve several objectives and therefore

80% of The Hague’s local CO2 emissions. This

be in approximately two years (by the time

reoccur in different portfolios. For cohesiveness,

is split reasonably evenly between energy use

the next CCC iteration is made), and what

the impact pathways and portfolios are

in homes and in other buildings. Our activities

the expected outcome is.

presented together on the subsector level.

focus primarily on homes and this is also the

2 What are the expected results for this

focus of our energy transition impact pathways.

pathway and how can we monitor them?

Because information about stakeholders and

We have mapped direct and indirect benefits

context have been included in the impact

for every pathway. We have included calcu-

pathways, actions are not individually mapped.

lations of the CO2 reduction potential of

This is in line with The Hague ‘s Climate

these pathways whenever possible. Because

Investment Plan, which takes up cost estima-

pathways interconnect and actions to

tions on the portfolio level rather than the

complete a pathway often also serve several

action level.

sustainability shifts, CO2 reduction potential at times transcends pathways or even

Last, sustainability efforts focused on making

subsectors. This is always mentioned.

the operations of the municipal organi-

3 What and who is needed to make this

sation climate-neutral have not been included

pathway happen?

in this chapter. The municipality has much

We map responsible bodies per impact

more control over its own operations than it

pathway. We have also identified depend-

has over the public space, private companies,

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5.2.1 Pathways 1. District Heating Networks The City of The Hague is home to many geo- and aquathermal energy sources that can be exploited for heating

Transitievisie Warmte (Transition Vision Heat, TVW in short) as the most preferable solution for most types of

and is also one of the cities to be connected to the Port of Rotterdam with Warmtelinq, an ongoing large-

buildings and are key to our plans to phase out the use of natural gas.

scale project to provide homes with residual industrial heat. District heating networks are identified in the

Table 17: Subsector District Heating: Impact pathways 1-3 Impact Pathway nr.

1

Description

Shift

Current status

Early changes (1-2 years)

Outcomes (by 2030)

Target year outcomes and tempo

Direct impact quantified (impact in ktons CO2/y by 2030)

Indirect impacts (co-benefits)

Indirect impacts quantified

Dependencies

Responsible bodies

Development of district heating network

Shift from heating provision through gas pipes to heating provision through district heating.

1837 Homes connected to the district heating grid.

Slow growth.

40.000-55.000 Homes connected to district heating and provided with heating from sustainable sources.

Connecting 29% of single-family houses and 45% of multi-family households to district heating.

Combined CO2 emissions reduction potential of pathways 1 -3 depends on heating sources connected to district heating. Potential of CO2 emission reduction of 40 to 75 kton annually.

Improved indoor climate

Improved living comfort

Need for high financial investments. From private parties in current system, public investments after national ‘Collective Heat Act’ goes into effect.

Municipality, companies to execute infrastructure rollout, housing corporations, heating source exploitation organisations

Reduction of heating costs

Annual household heating costs before and after connection to district heating network.

Upcoming national ‘Collective Heat Act’ to go into effect. Under the act the distric heating network will become public. Currently slows commercial investments down. Will accelerate outroll of heating grid once implemented.

Green jobs

Amount of jobs in construction and maintenance of heating networks.

Qualified people to construct and maintain the district heating infrastructure. There have been shortages for years.

This requires connecting approximately 10 000 households per year until 2030.

health benefits for inhabitants

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Impact Pathway nr.

Description

Shift

Current status

Early changes (1-2 years)

Outcomes (by 2030)

Target year outcomes and tempo

Direct impact quantified (impact in ktons CO2/y by 2030)

Indirect impacts (co-benefits)

Indirect impacts quantified

Dependencies

Responsible bodies

Development of local geothermal and aquathermic energy systems

Shift from natural gas for heating to geothermal energy for heating.

One geothermal source in exploitation and connected to 1800 homes. Potential for exploitation of more; there are fifteen local geothermal sources.

Plan development for change of heating source from natural gas to clean geothermal heating

Construction of more exploitation sites. A to be decided amount of homes connected to local geothermal heating sources.

2030

Combined CO2 emissions reduction potential of pathways 1 -3 depends on heating sources connected to district heating. Potential of CO2 emission reduction of 40 to 75 kton annually.

Improved indoor climate

Improved living comfort

Need for large investments

Haagse Aardwarmte (The Hague Geothermal Company), Municipality The Hague

Reduction of heating costs

Annual household heating costs before and after connection to district heating network.

Tempo of outroll of heating grid to connect heating source to users. Without heating grid the intended number of end users cannot be reached.

Green jobs

Amount of jobs in construction and maintenance of heating networks.

Improved indoor climate

Improved living comfort

Need for large investments

Reduction of heating costs

Annual household heating costs before and after connection to district heating network.

Dependent on tempo of outroll of heating grid to connect heating source to users.

Green jobs

Amount of jobs in construction and maintenance of heating networks.

Public image of district heating is currently often quite negative. Because homeowners cannot be forced to phase out gas use, they need to be convinced of the benefits of district heating. This needs high resource investments.

2

Construction of connection to residual heating from the Port of Rotterdam through WarmeLinQ pipeline.

3

Shift from natural gas for heating to residual heat for heating.

Construction phase

Construction phase

Potential of 50.000 homes provided with residual heating (roughly 20% of city’s housing stock) .

< 2030 (2027)

Combined CO2 emissions reduction potential of pathways 1 -3 depends on heating sources connected to district heating. Potential of CO2 emission reduction of 40 to 75 kton annually.

Port of Rotterdam, the Municipality of The Hague, Province of South Holland.

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Table 18: Action portfolios for impact pathways 1 -3 Portfolio description

List of actions

Stakeholders

1. Development of district heating network

Communications campaign ‘Groen bezig’ to normalise heating and cooking without natural gas

Main stakeholder: Municipality of The Hague

Activation and participation approach is being developed to be used wherever homes are connected to the district heating network

Other stakeholders: energy companies, housing corporations, home owners, construction companies

Hou van je Huis information points

Municipallity of The Hague

Tender concessions for the sole right to develop district heating network in a particular area

Municipallity of The Hague

Implementation plans (Mariahoeve/Binckhorst/Zuidwest) to prepare home owners on a connection to the district heating network

Municipallity of The Hague

Areas that are being redeveloped (Binckhorst) will construct new district heating networks, existing buildings can also connect if they want

Construction companies

Trying to convince Eneco to accelerate the expansion of the existing district heating network

Eneco

Development of geothermal exploitation site on De Constant Rebequeplein

Main stakeholder: Municipality of The Hague

Reservation for a location of geothermal exploitation site in Ypenburg Spoorlaan

Other stakeholders: energy companies, housing corporations, home owners, construction companies

2. Development of local geothermal and aquathermic energy systems

Reservation for a location of geothermal exploitation site in Binckhorst Expansion of the existing operating geothermal site at the Leyweg

3. Construction of connection to residual heating from the Port of Rotterdam through WarmeLinQ pipeline.

Spatial integration of WarmtelinQ on the De Constant Rebequeplein

Main stakeholder: Province of South Holland / Uniper Other stakeholders: energy companies, housing corporations, home owners, construction companies

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2. Individual Heat Pumps The realisation of a district heating network is not always a realistic scenario. Individual heat pumps are a much

Buildings in older living areas typically require natural gas as a backup heating source, which the hybrid heat

faster and smaller-scale solution that offers opportunities to reduce CO2 emissions and avoid high energy bills.

pump can provide. Hybrid heat pumps are considered a transitionary solution until a fully renewable heating

Heat pumps consist of two categories: all-electric and hybrid. Recently developed neighbourhoods are generally

system is feasible.

suitable for all electric heat pumps, as building constructed in the last four decades are typically well insulated.

Table 19: Subsector Heat Pumps, Impact Pathway 4 Impact Pathway nr.

Description

Shift

Current status

Early changes (1-2 years)

Outcomes (by 2030)

Direct impact quantified (impact in ktons CO2/y by 2030)

Indirect impacts (co-benefits)

Indirect impacts quantified

Dependencies

Responsible bodies

Installation of individual heat pumps

The shift away from natural gas for heating to heat pumps for heating in housing (single-family and multi-family)

Several neighbourhoods are suitable for heat pumps, as described in the Transition Vision Heating (TVW). There are no concrete actions in terms of promoting inidividual heating systems. (Although there are subsidies on a national level). District heating is part of our active strategy (by tendering neighbourhoods).

Existing national subsidies for revoving gas heaters available and increased due to popularity. Growth of installations grows autonomously.

Phase-out of gas heaters . Growth of installations grows autonomously.

Currently unknown

Improved indoor climate

Improved indoor climate

Availability on the electricity grid

Reduction of heating costs

Reduction of heating costs

Increased selfreliance

Increased selfreliance

Experimentation space with peerto-peer energy sharing from individual heat pumps.

Homeowners, homeowner associations, national government, energy grid provider.

4

Table 20: Portfolio of actions impact pathway 4 Portfolio description

List of actions

Descriptions

4. Installation of individual a pumps

Communications campaign ‘Groen bezig’ to normalise heating and cooking without natural gas

We advise those interested on available national subisidies

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3. Electricity The (planned) decline in the use of (fossil) energy in The Hague in general will come with an increase in the

The Hague currently imports most of its electricity. The majority of this is grey electricity (see chapter two for

demand for (green) electricity. Increasing demand for electricity results in the risk of net congestion, which can

more emission information). The city has very limited space for the development for large-scale development

constrain the electrification of, among others, the mobility system or heating system.

of solar fields or wind turbines and has no plans to do so. However, there are high ambitions to use rooftops for solar energy production. We hereby differentiate between small solar roofs, of which growth is primarily autonomous, and large solar roofs, for which an array of national and local actions is in place.

Table 21: Subsector electricity impact pathways 5-7 Impact Pathway nr.

Des­ cription

Shift

Current status

Early changes (1-2 years)

Outcomes (by 2030)

Direct impact quantified (impact in ktons CO2/y by 2030)

Indirect impacts (co-benefits)

Indirect impacts quantified

Dependencies

Responsible bodies

Large solar rooftops

Increase the amount of electricity produced by solar panels on large rooftops and lower the energy need from other sources.

There are currently about 200.000 solar panels within city boundaries, the majority on rooftops.

More municipal roofs decked with solar through local initiatives. We will organise solar panel placements on multiple schools and religious places and strategy development for initiatives from cooperatives to roof owners of commercial or social real estate cooperatively solar panels. Helping with an integrated sustainability approach for business parks in which grid congestion is an important point of attention. Commercial roofs are an important part of this approach. Relieving twenty top roofs with 'unburdening offer up to implementation' within areas from the area-oriented approach or roofs. And helping 10 large homeowners' associations with the placement of solar panels.

50% of the 17 km2 of current rooftops of existing building stock used for solar energy production by 2030.

Reduction potential of solar on large and small roofs combined is 123.8 kton compated to 2022

Increased energy self sufficiency

% of used energy that is locally produced

Energy transition progress is restricted with regards to limited national regulatory space for experimenting with local energy communities. The new Dutch Energy Law is likely to pass and come into effect by 2025 (earliest) and this lack is currently preventing us to include residents as stakeholders in local energy network experiments.

Property owners, energy grid operator, housing corporations, energy cooperatives, municipality, national government

More affordable electricity

Energy bills

Net congestion

5

We have very little say in this as a municipality. we do not own the houses. It is currently not legally possible to enforce solar panels unless national legislation changes.

6

7

Small solar rooftops

Increase the amount of electricity produced by solar panels on small rooftops and lower the energy need from other sources.

There are currently about 200.000 solar panels within city boundaries, many of them on rooftops.

Expected continued growth of solar on small household roofs contributing to goal of 75.000 additional solar panels on roofs by end of 2024. This will be realised by guiding 30 homeowners' associations And 5 block-by-block approaches for small homeowners' associations including with homeowners' associations economies of scale are created

Solar fields

Increase the amount of electricity produced by solar on fields and lower the energy need from other sources.

There is one solar park (5700 panels, realised in 2020)

No new fields planned within municipal boundaries

No new fields planned within municipal boundaries

Reduction potential of solar on large and small roofs combined is 123.8 kton compated to 2022

Increased energy self sufficiency

Local energy production

No additional CO2 reduction

Affordability electricity

Energy bills

The municipality has very limited influence on this. It is currently not legally possible to enforce solar panels unless national legislation changes.

Homeowners, small businesses, energy grid operator, municipality, national government, Landowners, energy grid operator, municipaliy, province of South Holland, national government

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Table 22: Action portfolios impact pathways 5-7 Portfolio description

List of actions

5. Large solar rooftops

There are approximately 200.000 solar panels installed on rooftops within the city. We implement the Hague Roofs Approach in which we encourage homeowners and corporations to realize solar panel roofs. Contributing to 75,000 additional solar panels in The Hague in 2024 (1,00 private roofs through collective purchasing, 50 homeowners' associations, 1 pilot cooperative roof with 300 solar panels for people with a small wallet.And use 30 municipal roofs for greening or energy generation. And offer support to at least 50-100 companies and organizations in The Hague that want solar panels.

6. Small solar rooftops

There are approximately 200.000 solar panels installed on rooftops within the city. We implement the Hague Roofs Approach in which we encourage homeowners and corporations to realize solar panel roofs. Contributing to 75,000 additional solar panels in The Hague in 2024 (1,00 private roofs through collective purchasing, 50 homeowners' associations, 1 pilot cooperative roof with 300 solar panels for people with a small wallet.And use 30 municipal roofs for greening or energy generation. And offer support to at least 50-100 companies and organizations in The Hague that want solar panels.

7. Solar fields

No further actions planned

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4. Energy Efficiency Housing Improving the energy efficiency of our built environment will lead to a decrease in energy consumption. It is also

of contributing to the energy transition. Because home insulation is a precondition for phasing out gas, can lead

key to our heat transition. Homes are the primary focus because home improvements, both large-scale through

to significant improvement in indoor living comfort, and because The Hague has around 100.000 homes with a

retrofitting and small-scale through small energy saving measures, can greatly improve living conditions on top

low energy label, it has been identified as our first strategic priority.

Table 23: Subsector energy efficiency housing impact pathways 8-9 Impact Pathway nr.

Description

Shift

Current status

Early changes (1-2 years)

Outcomes (by 2030)

Direct impact quantified (impact in ktons CO2/y by 2030)

Indirect impacts (cobenefits)

Indirect impacts quantified

Dependencies

Responsible bodies

Increasing energy efficiency residential buildings through retrofitting.

Reduce the amount of energy required to heat homes through retrofitting to improve energy labels of low energy label homes.

Of current housing stock (270.000), over 48% has a low energy label (D or lower).

10.000 Homes insulated annually, of which at least 3.000 p/y from social housing stock

By 2028 all social housing stock should have a higher energylabel than E/F/G and by 2030 no more housing with a low energy label

21 ktons (for multifamily and singlefamily homes combined)

Reducing energy poverty

Number of households qualifying for energy poverty.

Individual home owners and homeowner associations are hard to be activated - urgency is not for everyone clear.

Municipality, social housing corporations, renters, home owners and homeowner associations (VvE's), retrofitting companies.

Green jobs

8

Reduced energy costs due to lower use

Improving home energy efficiency through small energy saving measures 9

Increasing indoor climate

Reduce the amount of energy required to heat homes through supporting small energy saving measures in homes.

In 2023 about 7.000 households received help with a direct savings campaign an installing small energy saving measures

About 3.500 homes profit from offered support annually.

About 3.500 homes profit from offered support annually.

We hope to reduce energy usage up to 20% in homes where small energy saving measures are implemented. We have no CO2 reduction potential of this.

Number of jobs in workfields considered sustainable, such as in the energy transition.

Preparing homes for renewable energy sources with lower energy quality than natural gas such as geothermal energy.

Energy labels.

healty living indoor living environment for inhabitants

Reducing energy poverty

Financial investment. Especially complicated in the free rental sector where homeowners and tenants have different incentives. Lack of skilled labour force to do the retrofitting.

Increading indoor climate Green jobs Reduced energy costs due to lower use

Individual home owners and homeowner associations are hard to be activated - urgency not clear. Financial investment. Especially complicated in the free rental sector where homeowners and tenants have different incentives. Lack of skilled labour force to do the retrofitting.

Municipality, social housing corporations, renters, home owners and homeowner associations, retrofitting companies.

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Table 24: Action portfolios impact pathways 8-9 Portfolio description

List of actions

8. Increasing energy efficiency residential buildings through retrofitting.

EFG labeling approach: - Home owner associations approach (subsidy, advice) - Street approach - Support neighborhood initiatives - The Hague Sustainability Fund for financing sustainability and renovations at low interest rates - Immediate energy saving campaign (number of installed products, such as draft excluders) - Collective purchasing campaigns for insulation - Performance agreements between municipality and social housing corporations

9. Improving home energy efficiency through small energy saving measures

We have 3 categories of support for energy saving: 1) the city-wide offer for everyone, 2) aimed at neighborhoods with EFG homes and district heating networks 3) aimed at places with energy poverty, maintenance backlogs and poorly insulated homes.

Descriptions

In categories 2 and 3 we focus on reaching low-income households; we want to make them less vulnerable to energy costs. We do this by offering corporation tenants and home owners/private tenants with social minimums extra resources and guidance.

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5. Energy Efficiency Built Environment Other Than Housing Half of CO2 emissions from stationary energy use are from the non-housing sector. The municipality has a

municipality are possible. For this, we commissioned consultancy firm Over Morgen to conduct research on

significant building portfolio but has only limited resources to lower CO2 emissions in this sector as a whole.

energy consumption in the city in 2023. This research covered usage in geographical areas, across sectors, and

The remainder can be primarily encouraged through referrals to national tools for businesses to support steps

for individual businesses.

toward sustainability. Currently, we are further examining which additional policy interventions from the

Table 25: Subsector energy efficiency built environment other than housing impact pathways 10-11 Impact Pathway nr.

Description

Shift

Current status

Early changes (1-2 years)

Outcomes (by 2030)

Direct impact quantified (impact in ktons CO2/y by 2030)

Indirect impacts (co-benefits)

Indirect impacts quantified

Improving energy efficiency built environment other than housing through retrofitting

Shift from low energy efficiency to higher energy efficiency through retrofitting

All offices larger than 100 m2 have to comply with national energy label C standards. In reality, not all offices meet these standards.

Energy label C standards are enforced and lowenergy efficient office are either improved or cannot be used as such anymore. Municipal real estate portfolio is improved using the municipal sustainable real estate roadmap (completed in Q4 2024).

All offices have energy efficiency label A

Currently unknown.

Indoor air quality

Improved experienced working comfort

Indoor climate

Improved experienced working comfort

Green jobs

Amount of green jobs

Lower energy costs

Energy bills

Indoor air quality

Improved experienced working comfort

Indoor climate

Improved experienced working comfort

Green jobs

Amount of green jobs

Lower energy costs

Energy bills

10

Lowering the energy use of office buildings through small measures 11

Shift from low energy efficiency to higher energy efficiency through small measures such as installing LED lightning

Currently unclear.

Table 26: Action portfolios impact pathways 10-11 Portfolio description

List of actions

10.Improving energy efficiency built environment other than housing through retrofitting

We have an interest-free loan available for energy saving measures Enforcement national standards of minimum energy label C on offices >100 m2 Enforcement energy efficiency saving obligation (all offices have to install energy saving installations that are profitable within five years) Cooperation between Energy Transition and ERDH (Energy Rich Den Haag). ERDH is responsible for public buildings in The Hague and is creating a plan towards climate neutrality.

11. Lowering the energy use of office buildings through small measures

We have an interest-free loan available for energy saving measures Enforcement national standards of minimum energy label C on offices >100 m2 Enforcement energy efficiency saving obligation (all offices have to install energy saving installations that are profitable within five years) Cooperation between Energy Transition and ERDH (Energy Rich Den Haag). ERDH is responsible for public buildings in The Hague and is creating a plan towards climate neutrality.

Dependencies

Responsible bodies

Property owners, local government, national government, office workers, installers

Property owners, local government, national government, office workers, installers

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5.2.2 Strategic Priority One

Retrofitting is the most relevant shift under

5.3 Sustainable Mobility

subsector ‘energy efficiency housing’. However,

the municipality have calculated that, in this scenario, the share of bike trips on the total

When it comes to the energy transition, the

as can be seen when looking at the depend-

For a sustainable mobility system, we need

amount of trips within city borders would

priority is the retrofitting of 10.000 homes per

encies under subsectors ‘district heating’

a ‘modal shift’: a shift away from car use and

increase to 25% of the modal split in 2030

year until 2030. The objective is prioritizing

and ‘individual heat pumps’, home insulation

towards an increased amount of walking,

compared to the current 23%.

homes with the lowest quality of insulation

is a requirement for the success of the heating

cycling and use of public transport. These

and heating. Better home insulation improves

transition as a whole. It also plays an important

modes of transport are more space efficient

When it comes to the share of trips made on

indoor living quality and saves energy – and

role in improving the quality of living of tens of

and use less energy. Currently, more than half

foot, expectations are that these will remain

with that, reduces CO2 emissions. Good

thousands of residents currently living in poorly

of trips made by people within the city borders

29%. For the share of trips made using public

home insulation is also a precondition for

insulated buildings. It is therefore identified as

are done on foot or by bike, modes of transpor-

transportation, an increase from 1% from 18%

the success of the phase-out of natural gas.

a strategic priority.

tation without CO2-emissions. When it comes to

to 19% is expected. The share of trips by car is

Especially buildings with heat pumps may

public transportation, electric light rail already

expected to decrease from 30% in 2019 to 27%

require extensive insulation measures, in

runs all-electric and at the end of 2024, the

in 2030.

order to significantly reduce natural gas

5.2.3 Emissions Reduction Potential

usage. Sustainable heating sources, such as

fossil fuel buses serving the different districts of the city will be replaced by electric busses

Regarding electrification, the number of electric

geothermic or aquathermal heat or residual

Of the five different energy subsectors of this

using clean electricity. Busses serving other

cars is expected to grow from the current

heat from industrial processes, have a different

Field of Action, we have CO2 reduction potential

parts of the region will be replaced by electric

11.000 to around 41.000 in 2030. This is a

in temperature than natural gas. To ensure a

calculations for three: district heating, elec-

busses in the coming years as well.

­significant increase.

comfortable indoor quality, homes need to be

tricity (solar), and retrofitting. This potential

able to retain temperatures more effectively by

was calculated by the municipality (district

However, more progress is still to be made when

better insulation.

heating), RoyalHaskoningDHV (solar energy),

it comes to other modes of transportation using

and ClimateView (retrofitting). These have a

fossil-powered combustion engines. To boost

To reach the target of 10.000 home retrofits a

combined CO2 emission reduction potential of

this transition, a collaborative approach

year, the approach is multi-levelled. First, we

219.8 kiloton CO2. This is an indicative number.

that involves the greater region is required.

have set the target to insulate at least 3.000

As further discussed in chapter 5.5 and chapter

More than half of the cars that use the city

homes from our social housing stock. This is

seven, we are in the process of developing

infrastructure has its origin outside of the city

done primarily through collaborating with

a climate dashboard that will allow us to

borders. This goes up to 90% of heavy vehicles.

social housing corporations active in The Hague.

predict the emission reduction potential of our

Two main approaches to change this are chosen.

Second, homes from private homeowners

plans more reliably from 2025 onwards.

First, increasing the share of transportation

with little access to (financial) resources to

done on foot, by bike, and using public trans-

improve their homes are targeted. The objective

portation. Second, accelerating the transition to

is to select and retrofit at least 1.500 homes

electric (shared) mobility options.

annually. Third, at least 2.000 homes located in neighbourhoods identified as having a high

As stated in the bike focused strategy ‘Ruim

potential for being connected to the district

baan voor de Fiets’, it is expected that the

heating grid in The Hague ’s TVW are selected.

growth in trips by bike as a share of the total

Finally, generic support is offered in the form of

mobility will continue to grow in the coming

information desks, coaching, and subsidy advice

years. 8 The focus is to grow the amount of trips

for owners of all kinds of homes with the target

made by bike with 25% in 2030, and 50% in

to retrofit at least 3.500 homes on top of the

2040 in comparison to 2018. Data experts at

homes mentioned before. 8 Ruim baan voor de Fiets - Den Haag

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5.3.1 Pathways 1. Public Transportation Public transportation entails all buses, light rail, and trains. Trains play a significant role in offering an alternative to car use for larger distances. However, they are operated on the national level and already are powered by renewable energy and are therefore excluded from our planned interventions.

Table 27: Subsector public transportation impact pathways 12-14 Impact Pathway nr.

12

Desired results

Shift

Current status

Early changes (1-2 years)

Outcomes (by 2030)

Target year outcomes and tempo

Direct impact quantified (impact in ktons CO2/y by 2030)

Indirect impacts (cobenefits)

Indirect impacts quantified

Dependencies

Responsible bodies

Increased proportion of commuting by electric bus

Shift from use of car to use of electric bus

Of local buses, eight are electric, 115 are not. The public transport sector makes up 18% of the modal split.

100% electric busrides (of HTM (main public transportation provider) by 2025. Target value of public transport in modal split in 2026 is 18,7%.

All buses (local and regional) are CO2 neutral. Target value of public transport in modal split of 2030 is 19,2%.

2030, 3% growth of bus use annually

The expected total CO2 emissions of EBS will decrease by 70%. For The Hague this is 2,25 ktCO2.

• air quality • reduced noise • reduced accidents • less congestion • reduced use of space

• pollution co2 & NOx & fine particals • db • amount of accidents • congestion time / car ride • m2 used for private cars

Net availability Occupancy rate of buses Pricing of tickets

• HTM • Users • MRDH

Increased proportion of communting by use of railway (trains and trams)

Shift from use of car to use of electric bus

The public transport sector makes up 18% of the modal split.

New trams and new tram rails (lightrail) in 2026.

2030 start of the building of 2030 the ´Koningscorridor´. This railway is the new regional transport connection that ensures that passengers can travel directly, several times a day and comfortably from Zoetermeer via Rijswijk, CID-Binckhorst and The Hague Central Station to the International Zone and Scheveningen.

Trams and trains already run on green electricity.

• air quality • reduced noise • reduced accidents • less congestion • reduced use of space

• pollution co2 & NOx & fine particals • db • amount of accidents • congestion time / car ride • m2 used for private cars

Pricing of tickets Budget of employers for public transport cards

• Citizens • Railway companies • Municipality of the Hague • MRDH • ZHB • HTM NS

0,025 kton CO2 reduction in 2025

• air quality • reduced noise • reduced accidents • less congestion • reduced use of space

• pollution co2 & NOx & fine particals • db • amount of accidents • congestion time / car ride • m2 used for private cars

Logistic companies, public transportation providers, the municipality, housing developers

Target value of 2026 is 18,7% (public transport in the modal split)

13

Target value of public transport in modal split of 2030 is 19,2%. Densification of the city near public transportation locations 14

Increase of the amount of homes near a public transportation location

The public transport sector makes up 18% of the modal split.

Target value of public transport in modal split in 2026 is 18,7%

2030 start of the building of 2030 the ´Koningscorridor´. This railway is the new regional transport connection that ensures that passengers can travel directly, several times a day and comfortably from Zoetermeer via Rijswijk, CID-Binckhorst and The Hague Central Station to the International Zone and Scheveningen. Target value of public transport in modal split of 2030 is 19,2%.

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Table 28: Action portfolios impact pathways 12-14 Portfolio description

List of actions

12. Shift to use of electric bus

- Elektrification of the HTM busses at the end of 2024 - Investing in fast and high quality public transport - Impoving the combination of walking, cycling and public transport by improving chainfacilities and P+R - Providing new area's with high quality public transport - Strenghten the main axes - urbanisation and mixing functions - making the public transport more attractive - Realizing public transport mobility Hubs - Improving the quality of public transport stops - tarif differentiation - designing an integral mobility system - Improving chain facilities bij introducing for example: Autonomic vehicles, shared mobility and MaaS - More efficient use of resources - Better cooperation with the city - affordable public transport - Improve accesebility of trams (e.g. for wheelchairs) - Free public transport for children up to 12 y/o - improve public transport node Moerwijk - develop Haga Hub

13. Shift to use of car to use of railway

- Investing in fast and high quality public transport - Impoving the combination of walking, cycling and public transport by improving chainfacilities and P+R - Providing new area's with high quality public transport - Strenghten the main axes - urbanisation and mixing functions - making the public transport more attractive - Realizing public transport mobility Hubs - Improving the quality of public transport stops - tarif differentiation - designing 1 integral mobility system - Improving chain facilities bij introducing for example: Autonomic vehicles, shared mobility and MaaS - More efficient use of resources - Better cooperation with the city - affordable public transport - Improve accesebility of trams (e.g. for wheelchairs) - From 50km/h to 30km/h - Develop Haga Hub ZW - Improve Public transport node Moerwijk - Free public transport for children up to 12 years old

14. Densification of the city near public transportation locations

Introduction of ZE zones

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2. Biking The Hague is home to an expansive biking network. Biking is a zero-emission mode of transportation and

densification strategy, for bikes take up little (public) space compared to other modes of transportation such as

responsible for a quarter of the current modal split. We aim to increase this part to 30% by 2030 through

cars.

improving infrastructure, education, and nudging. This is good for our climate ambitions and is part of the city’s

Table 29: Subsector biking impact pathway 15 Impact Pathway nr.

15

Description

Shift

Current status

Early changes (1-2 years)

Outcomes (by 2030)

Direct impact quantified (impact in ktons CO2/y by 2030)

Increasing proportion of mobility is conducted by bike

Shift from 20% of modal split within the city done by bike to 25%.

20% of modal split within The Hague is currently done by bike

Increased proportion of mobility is conducted by bike.

25% of the • By 2025 annual reduction movements in on: Metropolitan cycle routes The Hague will 0,346 kTon CO2 reduction be made by bike. • Street of the future 0, 125 kTon CO2 reduction • Modal shift short rides 2,4 kton CO2 Reduction • Scholenaanpak: 0,233 kton CO2 reduction

Indirect impacts (co-benefits)

Indirect impacts quantified

Dependencies

Responsible bodies

• air quality • reduced noise • reduced accidents • less congestion • health benefits

• pollution co2 & NOx & fine particals • db • amount of accidents • congestion time / car ride • m2 used for private cars

Attractive, safe and direct bicycle routes Sufficient amount of bicycle parking space Budget of employers for stimulating bicycles for commuting Extreme weather

• MRDH • The province of South Holland • Cyclists and potential cyclists • Municipality of The Hague • Fietsersbond - Vereniging van Nederlandse Gemeenten (VNG) - Ministry of Infrastructure (I&W)

Table 30: Action portfolio impact pathway 15 Portfolio description

List of actions

15. Increased proportion of mobility by biking

- Realising star cycle routes - Fixing missing links in the main network - Improving traffic flow at intersections - Good bicycle access CID, Binckhorst and The Hague Southwest - improving recreative routes - Improving the flow of city centre gates - Unbundling traffic flows - Improve the position of walking and cycling - Research Grote Marktstraat - Designing for walking and cycling - 30 km/h mixed traffic zones - 50km/h seperate traffic zones - Expanding the capacity of the city centre (indoor) - Improving accessibility of indoor Storage facilities - Apply Rate Differentiation - Research pop-up parking facility coast and Events - Expanding the capacity of schools - Application of bicycle parking standards - Introduction of area-specific mobility standard - Sufficient parking spaces along the 'Scaling up public transport corridors - Competition for bicycle-oriented architecture - Convert the number of car parking spaces into bicycle parking spaces and/or bicycle platforms - Realisation of expansion of parking capacity in Den Haag Centraal, Hollands Spoor and Laan van NOI - Continuation of subsidy scheme for neighbourhood parking

- Research into expected demand for bicycle parking spaces at NS stations in the period 2030-2040 - Pilot fully automatic bicycle carousel - Realisation of sufficient bicycle parking spaces at RandstadRailstops - Neighbourhood-oriented analysis of bicycle parking problems - Research into bicycle parking facilities at P+R locations and possible P+B locations - Designing traffic-safe infrastructure - Risk analysis safety in The Hague bicycle network - Examine moped rider on the roadway and Helmet requirement - Realisation of school zones - Expanding cycling education and Cycling Skills Programs in Schools - Research into expanding the 'safe learning' programme 'cycling' at primary schools - Improving the flow of city centre gates - Research program Biking2Skool=Cool - Unbundling traffic flows - Improving cycling skills for older people on E-bikes - Improving the position of cyclists and pedestrians - Research into use and nudging and enforcement - Cycling culture in Laak, Southwest, Transvaal and Schilderswijk; Cycling for health and N4 - Combating transport poverty - City deal star cycle route, mobility and health (ZW) - Stimulating cycling by offering cycle lessons and bikes (ZW) - Pilot cycle excursions for adults and children (ZW) - attracting the cycle major to south-west - Streek of the future - Scholenaanpak

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3. Walking Walking is another zero-emission mode of transportation which is encouraged through infrastructure improve-

shift. Research has shown that an improved walking network also has a positive effect on the use of public

ments, encouragement and activation, and education. We aim for a slight increase in walking in the city’s modal

transport.

Table 31: Subsector walking impact pathway 16 Impact Pathway nr.

Description

Shift

Current status

Early changes (1-2 years)

Outcomes (by 2030)

Direct impact quantified (impact in ktons CO2/y by 2030)

Indirect impacts (co-benefits)

Indirect impacts quantified

Dependencies

Responsible bodies

Increase of amount of trips/commutes conducted by foot

Shift within modal split from fossil fuel vehicles to walking

Walking makes up 29% of the modal split walking

Increase in commutes done by foot.

Modal split of walking is expected to grow with 0,1% in 2030

Part of modal shift in short distance journeys, total reduction potential of 2,4 kton CO2 annually

• air quality • reduced noise • reduced accidents • less congestion • reduced use of space • health benefits

• pollution co2 & NOx & fine particals • db • amount of accidents • congestion time / car ride • m2 used for private cars

Attractiveness and safety of walking depends on: Frequency and consequences of extreme weather events Facilities and jobs in a walking distance Attractive and safe walking routes

Municipality of The Hague, walkers (residents and visitors), employers

16

Table 32: Portfolio of actions for impact pathway 16 Portfolio description

List of actions

16. Increase of amount of trips/ commutes conducted by foot

- Car free zones - Designing traffic networks according to the following prioritisation: 1 - walking 2 - cycling 3 - public transportation 4 - mobility as a service 5 - private car use - Creating more (semi) public space - Introducing ZE zones - Realisation of safe t- Street of the future

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4. Electrification mobility on land Electrification of fossil fuel vehicles will have a significant impact on local CO2 emissions, fine particle emissions,

of charging infrastructure, which is done in collaboration with other levels of government. The (further)

and noise pollution. It requires the swapping of vehicles themselves and is highly dependent on the rollout

electrification of public transportation is part of subsector one.

Table 33: Subsector electrification mobility on land impact pathways 17-20 Impact Pathway nr.

Description

Shift

Current status

Early changes (1-2 years)

Outcomes (target year to be decided)

Direct impact quantified (impact in ktons CO2/y by 2030)

Indirect impacts (cobenefits)

Indirect impacts quantified

Dependencies

Responsible bodies

Electrification cars

Shift from fossil fuel cars to electric cars

4% of privately owned cars and 1% of commercial cars are electric

Increase in electric car ownership and -use

Zero emission mobility in the City of The Hague

Co2 reduction potential is calculated as part of the national approach on charging infrastructure. In total the expectation is 7,8% of the CO2-reduction in mobility in 2025 compared to 2015.

• air quality • reduced noise

• pollution co2 & NOx & fine particals • db

Net availability. The National approach on charging infrastructure is the basis of the local and regional policy on charging infrastructure. Another dependency is the availability of the primary resources needed for the construction of electric vehicles.

• Car owners in The Hague • Municipality of The Hague • Companies who provide employees with cars

Electrification light trucks

Shift from fossil fuel light trucks to elektric light trucks

Max. 1% of light trucks are electric.

2025: only Electric light truck purchases; 2025 first zero emission zone

Zero emission mobility in the City of The Hague

Contributes to ZE zones city logistics: 5,8 Kton CO2 annually

• air quality • reduced noise

• pollution co2 & NOx & fine particals • db

Speed of outroll sufficient charging infrastructure. There is a growing demand for a charging network while pressures on the existing electricity grid are also growing rapidly. This is especially pressing for charging stations for heavy trucks.

Logistic companies (PostNL, Food etc.); charging station companies, ZZP light truck owners, municipality, MRDH

Electrification heavy trucks

Shift from fossil fuel heavy trucks to elektric heavy trucks

Max. 1% of heavy trucks are electric.

2025 first zero emission zone. Also 2025: stop on sale new fossil fuel heavy trucks.

Zero emission mobility in the City of The Hague

Contributes to ZE zones city logistics: 5,8 Kton CO2 annually

• air quality • reduced noise

• pollution co2 & NOx & fine particals • db

Finding the space to accomodate the necessary growth of the charging infrastructure both under- and aboveground.

Logistic companies (PostNL, Food etc.); other companies that use trucks, charging station companies, municipality, MRDH

Electrification touring cars

Shift from fossil fuel touring cars to elektric touring cars

Currently unknown.

Contributes to ZE doelgroepenvervoer 1,16 kton annual CO2 reduction in 2025

• air quality • reduced noise

• pollution co2 & NOx & fine particals • db

Electic vehicles are more expensive than fossil fuels vehicles and there is currently a very small second hand market. The adoption of electric vehicles by middle and lower income households and SMEs is dependent on improving financial accesivility through e.g. subsidies.

Touring car companies, the municipality, MRDH

17

18

19

20

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Table 34: Action portfolios for impact pathways 17-20 Portfolio description

List of actions

17. Electrification cars

- introducing environment/climate zones - introducing zero emission zones - Placing 400 charging stations every year untill 2024 - Realisation of charging plazas, short-term parking fast chargers, high power charging and fast chargers at taxi ranks - shift to 100% ZE vehicles owned bij the municipality

18. Electrification light trucks

2025 zero emission in centre zone 2030 zero emission whole The Hague Realisation of charging plazas, short-term parking fast chargers, high power charging and fast chargers at taxi ranks

19. Electrification heavy trucks

2026 zero emission in centre zone 2030 zero emission whole The Hague Realisation of charging plazas, short-term parking fast chargers, high power charging and fast chargers at taxi ranks

20. Electrification touring cars

2027 zero emission in centre zone 2030 zero emission whole The Hague Realisation of charging plazas, short-term parking fast chargers, high power charging and fast chargers at taxi ranks

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5. Smart mobility Smart mobility focuses on mobility sharing solutions and the infrastructure needed to maintain and grow

because the users of shared mobility need to be able to plan, book and pay for shared mobility through digital

car, scooter, and bike sharing solutions (hubs). This subsector also has an important digital (smart) component,

platforms and phone applications.

Table 35: Subsector smart mobility impact pathway 21 Impact Pathway nr.

Description

Shift

Current status

Early changes (1-2 years)

Outcomes (by 2030)

Target year outcomes and tempo

Direct impact quantified (impact in ktons CO2/y by 2030)

Indirect impacts (co-benefits)

Indirect impacts quantified

Dependencies

Responsible bodies

Shared mobility

Shift from trips using fossil fuel cars to using shared mobility solutions such as shared (electric) cars or bikes.

12% of residents (sometimes) uses shared mobility solutions.

The realisation of neighbourhood hubs for shared mobility scooters an bicycles

The Municipality of The Hague has a flexible physical infrastructure, has smart systems that share data in order to have control and manage capacity and availability of infrastructure, and a reliable digital infrastructure that provides data on the status of the of the network of roads and railways in The Hague.

2030

Annual impact in 2025 of 4,81 kton CO2.

• air quality • reduced noise pollution • reduced accidents • less congestion • Reduced use of space

• pollution co2 & NOx & fine particals • db • amount of accidents • congestion time / car ride • m2 used for private cars

Sufficient amount of parking space for shared mobility Pricing of used Regulation of public space A network of users

The municipality of The Hague Shared mobility providers

21

Table 36: Action portfolio for impact pathway 21 Portfolio description

List of actions

21. Shared mobility

- The providers of shared mobility about: the network, the positioning, prices, fines for dangerous behaviour, experiments - We give financial support to make sure providers can offer shared mobility, also at less popular places - We require providers to keep communicating with the users about the safety and behaviour - The realistion of hubs - Developing a cross-city network of shared mobility - Regional cooperation - Developing agreements with shared transportation providers - Shared cargobikes in every street - Construction of microhubs in the city centre, Scheveningen, and pre-waar neighbourhoods - Communication approach shared mobility - Public parking spots reserved only for shared mobility - Scale-up cooperative carsharing - Mobility coaching - Continued development sighning hubs The Hague - Monitoring of shared mobility developments.

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6. Smart logistics Smart logistics focuses on a smarter organisation of transport. Through the use of intelligent systems and data

logistics, it has become more important to stimulate ZE logistic solutions for the last mile. Logistic hubs, of which

exchange between logistics and traffic operators, logistics flows can be coordinated. This can result in shorter

the city currently has two, will be instrumental in realising this.

travel times, improved road safety, and cleaner air. Due to municipality’s plans for a zero-emission zone for

Table 37: Subsector smart logistics impact pathway 22 Impact Pathway nr.

Description

Shift

Logistic hubs

Reducing and Two logistic hubs replacing (amount of) built in the city. last mile logistic trips Policy Programme by fossil fuel vehicles 'Duurzame by constructing stadslogistiek'on logistic hubs on Urban Logistics in strategic locations and development. use of electric vehicles.

22

Current status

Early changes (1-2 years)

Outcomes (by 2030)

Direct impact quantified

Indirect impacts (cobenefits)

Indirect impacts quantified

Dependencies

Responsible bodies

Policy Programme 'Duurzame stadslogistiek' on Urban Logistics completed.

More efficient and cleaner logistics sector within the city. More concrete outcomes to be presented in the Policy Programme 'Duurzame stadslogistiek'.

Part of modal shift in short distance journeys, total reduction potential in 2,4 kiloton CO2.

• air quality • reduced noise • reduced accidents • less congestion

• pollution co2 & NOx & fine particals • db • amount of accidents • congestion time / car ride • m2 used for private cars

Sufficient amount of space to make a hub. Willingness of bussiness owners to cooperate. Rollout of ZE zone likely to impact willingness to invest in logistic hubs.

the Municipality of The Hague Companies with a logistics component

Table 38: Action portfolio for impact pathway 22 Portfolio description

List of actions

21. Logistic hubs

A cooperation between suppliers and business owners to make logistics more efficient Development of Policy Programme ‘Duurzame stadslogistiek’ Introduction ZE zone

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7. Efficient car use In addition to facilitating the use of other modes of transportation and making vehicles more sustainable, we

stricter rules for car parking permits and the amount of parking places necessary for new housing developments.

also focus on making the car a less attractive mode of transportation for short trips specifically by focussing on

This also includes the introduction of paid parking in the public space.

Table 39: Subsector efficient car use impact pathway 23 Impact Pathway nr.

23

Description

Shift

Current status

Early changes (1-2 years)

Outcomes (by 2030)

Direct impact quantified (impact in ktons CO2 within the year of 2030)

Indirect impacts (cobenefits)

Indirect impacts quantified

Dependencies

Responsible bodies

Reducing the amount of trips by cars

Shift from use of cars to use of more sustainable modes of transportation

32% of modal split is done by car.

Decline in part of modal split done by car.

Further decline in part of modal split done by car.

Contributes to lower parking standards 18, 495 kton CO2 reduction - Straat van de toekomst 0, 125Ton CO2 reduction in 2024

• air quality • reduced noise pollution • reduced accidents • less congestion • Reduced use of space • Health benefits

• pollution co2 & NOx & fine particals • db • amount of accidents • congestion time / car ride • m2 used for cars General health of residents of the city

Willlingness of residents to switch to other modes of transport and/or not have their own parking space or car.

The Municipality of The Hague, MRDH, and car users.

Table 40: Action portfolio for impact pathway 23 Portfolio description

List of actions

23. Reducing amount of trips by cars

- New parking policies - Introducing ZE zones - lower parking standards - Parking policy - from 50km/h to 30km/h - Location scans locations parking hubs (Zuid West area) - Introduction of (more) paid parking and timely parking licences - Reserach on stimulation of use of shared mobility solutions - Pilot on mobility in Venen - Straat van de toekomst: reducing (public) parking spots.

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8. Employers’ approach A significant part of commuters in the city uses a car to get to work. Through collaboration with large employers in the city, we aim to increase the use of more sustainable modes of transportation for employees and to stimulate a sustainable car park. This approach is still in development.

Table 41: Subsector efficient car use impact pathway 24 Impact Pathway nr.

Subsector

Description

Shift

Current status

Early changes (1-2 years)

Outcomes (by 2030)

Direct impact quantified (impact in ktons CO2 within the year of 2030)

Indirect impacts (co-benefits)

Indirect impacts quantified

Dependencies

Responsible bodies

Employers' Approach

Addressing the high level of commuting by personal car through collaboration with employers to incentivise and encourage workers to choose different methods of commuting.