4. Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Students with emotional behavioral disorders.pdf

0.179 *

0.043

0.152 *

0.050

0.072

0.308 ***

0.102

0.129

0.208 **

0.116

0.239 **

0.335 ***

0.176 *

0.152 *

–

19 Supervisory neglect

0.011

−0.015

0.327 ***

0.134

0.042

0.018

−0.002

0.170 *

0.231 **

0.296 ***

0.046

0.164 *

0.073

0.134

0.114

0.285 ***

−0.005

0.114

–

20 Forced to be somewhere

0.152

0.013

0.102

0.103

0.107

0.024

0.050

0.106

0.233 **

0.110

0.034

0.029

0.155 *

0.105

0.079

0.106

0.091

0.289 ***

0.185 *

21 Serious illness or close to dying through severe injury

0.041

0.069

0.166 *

0.114

0.219 **

0.185 *

0.194 *

0.229 **

0.160 *

0.301 ***

0.115

0.219 **

0.100

0.111

0.252 ***

0.257 ***

0.173 *

0.141

0.166 *

0.156 *

–

22 Witnessed other people injured or dead

0.100

0.116

0.197 *

0.196 *

0.218 **

−0.016

0.083

0.074

0.086

0.023

0.099

0.081

−0.014

0.046

0.109

0.032

0.043

0.085

0.085

0.034

0.076

–

23 Death of someone close

0.111

0.072

0.268 ***

0.099

0.109

0.080

0.072

0.055

0.109

0.026

0.171 *

0.087

0.062

0.057

0.088

−0.003

0.096

0.058

0.101

0.078

0.122

0.287 ***

–

24 Hurting someone severely

−0.059

0.092

0.182 *

0.164 *

0.010

0.148

0.169 *

0.238 **

0.034

0.116

0.430 ***

0.207 **

0.079

0.091

0.188 *

0.224 **

0.097

−0.040

0.085

0.012

0.199 **

0.097

0.158 *

–

25 Other severe or frightening event

0.100

0.137

0.225 **

0.146

0.155 *

0.167 *

0.202 **

0.254 ***

0.110

0.187 *

0.259 ***

0.213 **

0.205 **

0.169 *

0.204 **

0.118

0.042

0.096

0.252 ***

0.136

0.098

0.116

0.157 *

0.246 **

–

26 Parental substance abuse

−0.100

0.021

0.195 *

0.148

0.000

0.110

0.127

0.016

0.006

0.021

0.256 ***

0.085

0.273 ***

0.331 ***

0.197 *

0.018

0.109

0.250 **

−0.080

0.042

0.060

0.056

0.082

−0.006

0.184 *

–

27 Parental mental health problems

0.235 **

0.017

0.110

0.056

0.058

0.159 *

0.083

0.173 *

−0.077

0.088

0.205 **

0.204 **

0.161 *

0.219 **

0.192 *

0.286 ***

0.066

0.210 **

0.052

0.082

0.251 **

0.019

0.062

0.141

0.128

28 Household (attempted) suicide

0.072

0.077

0.216 **

0.086

0.022

0.143

0.087

0.223 **

0.178 *

0.062

0.100

0.095

0.250 **

0.116

0.093

0.121

0.045

0.304 ***

0.073

0.155 *

0.100

0.104

0.107

0.034

0.205 **

–

–

* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.

–

–

–

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Appendix E Table A5. Bivariate associations of ACEs in parent reports. ACE

1

2

3

4

6

7

8

1 Natural disaster

–

2 Fire/explosion

0.095

–

3 Traffic accident

0.010

0.158

–

4 Other serious accident

−0.099

0.104

0.011

6 Bullying

−0.054

−0.022

0.029

−0.042

7 Physical abuse

0.182

0.073

0.187

0.110

0.339 ***

8 Physical assault with a weapon

−0.061

0.033

0.035

−0.028

0.047

0.157

−0.036

−0.057

0.221 *

0.079

0.087

−0.029

9 Experienced shooting

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

21

22

23

24

25

–

– – – – –

10 Experienced war or neighborhood violence

−0.045

−0.063

0.008

−0.099

0.012

−0.036

0.342 ***

−0.022

11 Emotional abuse

−0.131

0.098

0.132

0.089

0.388 ***

0.416 ***

0.008

0.092

0.081

–

12 Domestic violence

−0.020

−0.001

0.025

0.238 *

0.206 *

0.454 ***

0.083

−0.067

0.094

0.483 ***

–

13 Witnessed other people having sex or porn

0.061

0.050

−0.157

−0.028

0.108

0.157

0.229 *

−0.029

0.141

0.251 *

0.083

14 Sexual abuse

−0.032

−0.049

0.092

−0.070

0.114

0.126

−0.042

−0.015

−0.031

0.133

0.069

0.239 *

–

15 Forced into doing something (non−sexual)

0.109

0.004

0.076

0.129

0.097

0.201

0.184

−0.033

0.290 **

0.216 *

0.422 ***

0.184

0.203

–

16 Stalked

0.216 *

0.098

0.132

0.038

0.161

0.071

0.141

−0.022

0.217 *

0.187

0.209 *

−0.059

−0.031

0.111

17 Police arrest of a family member

−0.084

0.087

0.088

0.150

0.136

0.169

0.134

−0.040

0.393 ***

0.336 ***

0.308 **

0.256 *

−0.057

0.417 ***

0.235 *

–

18 Physical neglect

−0.045

−0.074

0.008

0.175

0.161

0.178

0.141

−0.022

0.217 *

0.187

0.324 **

0.141

0.334 ***

0.290 **

0.217 *

0.235 *

–

19 Supervisory neglect

−0.032

−0.051

0.093

−0.069

0.113

0.124

0.239 *

−0.015

0.334 ***

0.131

0.227 *

0.239 *

0.489 ***

0.453 ***

0.334 ***

0.165

0.699 ***

–

21 Serious illness or close to dying through severe injury

−0.066

0.265 *

0.011

0.253 *

0.153

0.102

0.060

−0.031

−0.064

0.270 **

0.303 **

0.205 *

0.219 *

0.290 **

0.314 *

0.112

0.314 **

0.220 *

22 Witnessed other people injured or dead

0.159

−0.084

−0.142

−0.011

−0.015

−0.132

−0.074

−0.027

0.161

−0.028

−0.075

0.092

−0.027

−0.085

0.161

0.029

−0.055

−0.038

−0.080

–

23 Death of someone close

0.056

0.030

−0.036

0.049

0.197

0.222 *

−0.045

−0.078

−0.049

0.187

0.139

0.124

0.045

−0.094

0.061

0.041

−0.049

−0.111

0.088

0.263 *

24 Hurting someone severely

−0.086

−0.030

0.070

−0.028

0.278 **

0.025

0.122

−0.041

0.374 ***

0.293 **

0.280 **

0.005

−0.059

0.290 **

0.069

0.308 **

0.069

0.155

0.100

0.021

−0.045

–

25 Other severe or frightening event

0.097

0.114

−0.109

0.017

0.097

0.150

0.166

−0.035

0.270 **

0.236 *

0.230 *

0.297 **

−0.051

0.123

0.270 **

0.282 **

0.099

0.189

−0.104

0.192

0.171

0.362 ***

* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.

–

–

–

–

–

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Appendix F Table A6. Bivariate associations of ACEs in school files. ACE

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

0.026

–

0.031

−0.101

–

1 Physical/supervisory neglect

–

2 Psychological neglect

0.200 **

–

3 Medical neglect

0.076

0.218 **

–

4 Educational neglect

0.054

0.160 *

0.195 **

–

5 Physical abuse

0.191 **

0.163 *

0.107

0.184 *

6 Emotional abuse

0.195 *

0.175 *

0.062

0.173 *

0.494 ***

–

7 Sexual abuse

0.050

0.007

0.061

−0.070

0.102

0.080

–

8 Domestic violence

0.121

0.198 **

0.306 ***

0.179 *

0.246 **

0.093

0.076

–

9 Parental separation or divorce

0.111

0.104

−0.003

0.053

0.074

0.017

−0.122

0.290 ***

10 Parental death

−0.101

−0.046

0.075

−0.066

−0.104

−0.040

−0.052

−0.083

−0.213 **

11 Parental incarceration

0.037

−0.034

0.092

0.046

0.034

−0.028

0.084

0.188 *

0.096

−0.045

–

12 Parental mental health problems

0.210 **

0.268 ***

0.045

0.058

0.175 *

0.109

−0.002

0.210 **

0.148

0.018

0.040

13 Medical trauma

0.032

−0.062

−0.100

−0.088

0.089

0.025

0.089

0.017

−0.043

−0.106

−0.023

0.101

–

14 Bullying

0.125

−0.083

−0.164 *

−0.071

0.220 **

0.185 *

−0.052

−0.098

−0.050

0.141

−0.143

0.029

0.242 **

–

15 Bad accident or physical illness of a parent

0.152 *

0.140

−0.001

−0.025

0.049

0.041

0.167 *

0.071

−0.045

−0.102

0.060

0.223 **

0.016

−0.058

16 Parental substance abuse

0.253 ***

0.213 **

0.213 **

0.186 *

0.207 **

0.129

0.097

0.382 ***

0.187 *

−0.073

0.129

0.299 ***

0.092

−0.064

0.104

–

17 Economic hardships

0.274 ***

0.166 *

0.056

0.114

0.236 **

0.257 ***

0.141

0.178 *

0.119

−0.043

0.115

0.220 **

−0.019

0.111

0.262 ***

0.075

–

18 Many (sudden) relocations

0.075

0.168 *

0.038

0.137

0.228 **

0.033

0.162 *

0.292 ***

0.062

0.040

0.286 ***

0.241 **

0.048

0.029

0.183 *

0.250 ***

0.139

–

19 Parental absence

0.148

0.081

0.109

0.271 ***

0.186 *

0.143

0.015

0.062

0.131

−0.071

0.238 **

0.068

−0.050

−0.094

0.064

0.162 *

−0.013

0.162 *

20 Victim of neighborhood violence

−0.137

−0.098

−0.075

−0.057

−0.073

−0.094

−0.045

−0.054

0.007

−0.042

−0.039

−0.069

0.072

−0.064

0.080

−0.063

−0.096

−0.089

−0.061

–

21 Negative school experiences

−0.008

0.070

0.114

0.084

0.100

0.127

−0.008

0.108

0.102

0.002

−0.077

0.072

0.004

0.006

0.016

0.379 ***

0.253 ***

−0.036

0.003

22 Separation from parents

0.155 *

0.084

0.116

0.065

0.064

−0.030

0.217 **

0.251 ***

0.087

−0.131

0.212 **

0.135

0.157 *

−0.103

0.075

0.028

0.272 ***

0.174 *

–

* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.

– –

–

–

–

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